Biology Questions and Answers
- In ancient Greece the
father of Medicine,
Hypocrates, described a
method of diagnosing diabetes
mellitus by tasting the
patient's urine. What is the
physiological explanation for
this archaic method?
Under normal cofiltered by the renal glomeruli is almostnditions the glucose (^)
entirely rand not excresorbed in the nephron tubuleseted in urine. With the
elevated glucose blood level the renal
tubules cannot rglucose and some amoesorb all the filteredunt of the
substance appears in the urine. This
amount is etaste that henough to provide the sweetlped Hypocrates to
diagnose diafrom other diseases accompanibetes and to differentiate ited by
polyuria. Nowadays the method is
inconceivable contaminationdue to the danger of of the tester by disease (^)
agents possibly present in the patient's
urine.
- What are the main
treatments of diabetes
mellitus?
The general goal of the diabetes
treatmglycemicent is to maintain n levels. ormal
Type I diabetes is treateparenteral administrationd with of insulin. (^)
Insulin intravenously or intramuscularlymust be administered (^)
because as a protein it would be
digested if diabetes treatment is dingested orally. In type IIone with oral
drugs that regulate the glucose
metabolism or in more severe cases
with parenteral aThe moderation odministrationf carbohydrate of insulin.
ingestion is an important aid to diabetes
treatment.
The diabetes treatment with the use of
hypoglycemicmedicines, must be carefully and agents, like insulin or oral
medically supervised since if wrongly
used these drugs may athe glucose blood level, causebruptly decrease
hypoglycemia and even death.
Many other forms of diabetes treatment
are under research worldwide.
- How can bacteria produce
human insulin on an industrial
scale? What are the other
forms of insulin made
available by the
pharmaceutical industry?
Bacteriainsulin. It do not naturallyis possible however to implant synthesize (^)
human genetic material containing the
insulin gemutant bacteria thne into the bacterial DNA. Ten multiply and he
produce human insulin. The insulin is
isolated commercialization.and purified for later This biotechnolo (^) gy is
known as the recombitechnology. nant DNA
Besides human insulin thpharmaceutical industry also producese (^)
insulin to be used by humans made
from the pancreas of pigs and cows.
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