374 INDEXAflaq, Michel, 313, 330
Age of Discovery, 202
Age of Justice, 185
Agha-i-Sayyaf, 352
Ahmad Shah Baba, 238
Ahmadinejad, 355
Ahriman, 9
Ahura Mazda, 9, 10
Aims of the Philosophers, The ( Ghazali),
Ill
Akbar the Great, 191-193, 195,
230-231
Akc;am, Taner, 294
Akkadians, 5-6
AI Azhar University, 120, 263, 268, 308
Alamut fortress, 129-130
Alaudin Mohammed, 151-152
Albert of Aix, 139
Albigensians, 199
Alchemy of Happiness, The (Ghazali}, 113
Alexander the Great, 11
Algeria
France's takeover, 244-246, 285
Islamic Salvation Party, 344
Ali
assassination, 65
Ayesha and, 61-63
as imam, 70, 71
Mohammed and, 21, 22, 36-37
Mu'awiya and, 60, 63-65, 72
Omar and, 41, 42
Othman and, 52, 58, 60
Sabbah's beliefs on, 130
Shi'i/Shi'ism and, 64, 70, 71, 82,
184, 186
succession conflict and, 36-39, 41,
52, 59-60
as successor/beliefs, 33, 59-65
Sufism and, 168
Ali, Mohammed, 242-243, 254-255
Ali, Tariq, 351
Ali Shah, Mohammad, 278-279
Aligarh movement. See Sayyid Ahmad,
Sir (of Aligarh}
''Allah" meaning, 20
Alp Arslan, 127
Amanullah, 268, 304, 307
Amir Kabir (Mirza Taqi}, 276, 305
Amorites, 6
Amr ibn al-A' as, 43, 56
Amra bin Abdul Rahman, 114
Ansar ("the Helpers"}, xv, 23
Ansary, Tamim
childhood/background, xiii-xiv,
xv-xviii
world history/Islamic world and,
XlV-XXll
Antony, Mark, 13
Apostate Wars, 39-40
Arab nationalism, 292, 297-298
See also Pan-Arab nationalism
Arab Revolt (World War I}, 296-297,
296(fig.}, 311
Arabian Nights, 88-89
Arabic language, 77, 124
Arabs
early trade, 1, 2(fig.}, 3-4, 17
as Semitic, 17
violence and, 29-30
Arafat, Yasser, 330
Aramaic language, 80
Aristotle, 100, 101, 111, 204
Armenians
assassination of three Pashas, 299
massacre of, 290, 293-294
in Ottoman Empire, 179, 288-290
Arslan, Kilij, 137-138
Asharite school, 110
Asia Minor
before/following Crusades, 168-169
Sufism and, 168, 169-172
See also Ottoman Empire