cultural issues has to do with the recognition of the equal status of minority
groups and their identity, and if this represents the non-negotiable aspect of
identity politics, then, once symbolic recognition is granted, speciWc issues
are open to negotiation and accommodations. In a context of a more
understanding and sympathetic attitude towards alien cultures, sticking to
the defense of individual rights becomes easier. With reference to female
mutilation, the proposal to change it into a symbolic ritual with no physical
risk and consequence for girls’ future sexuality seems a plausible accommo-
dation between cultural practices and rights, at least in general terms.
There cannot be a general normative answer for all instances, nor should
the answer to such questions ever be regarded asWnal, given that cultures and
groups intermingle and transform constantly. And yet, adopting the stand-
point I have proposed allows an unveiling of the power of majorities and its
embodiment in institutions, which is disguised if we stick to concepts such as
neutrality, equal treatment, and equal rights, and adopt a more pragmatic
attitude. Toleration as recognition is aimed not at a mosaic society or at the
preservation of cultures as endangered species, but at making people, what-
ever their diVerences and identities, feel at ease with themselves, and at ease
with their choice to identify or not with certain diVerences.
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