the blood glucose/insulin system and reduction of
damage caused by oxidation. As of 2007 none of
these hypotheses are considered proven, although the
notion that calorie reduction is a low-intensity stressor
that may stimulate metabolic defenses against aging is
accepted by some researchers.Resources
BOOKS
Hofmeckler, Ori.The Anti-Estrogenic Diet: How Estrogenic
Foods and Chemicals Are Making You Fat and Sick.
Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books, 2007.
Hofmeckler, Ori, with Diana Holtzberg.The Warrior Diet:
How to Take Advantage of Undereating and Overeating.
St. Paul, MN: Dragon Door Publications, 2001.
Scales, Mary Josephine.Diets in a Nutshell: A Definitive
Guide on Diets from A to Z. Clifton, VA: Apex Pub-
lishers, 2005.
PERIODICALS
Anderson, R. M., and R. Weindruch. ‘‘Metabolic Reprog-
ramming in Dietary Restriction.’’Interdisciplinary
Topics in Gerontology35 (2007): 18–38.
Damcott, C. M., P. Sack, and A. R. Shuldiner. ‘‘The
Genetics of Obesity.’’Endocrinology and Metabolism
Clinics of North America32 (December 2003): 761–786.
Hofmekler, Ori. ‘‘Excess Estrogen and Weight Gain.’’War-
rior Newsletter32, December 5, 2006. Available online
at http://www.dragondoor.com/warriornews_archive
.html (accessed March 15, 2007).
Masoro, E. J. ‘‘Overview of Caloric Restriction and Age-
ing.’’Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 126
(September 2005): 913–922.
Speakman, J. R. ‘‘Thrifty Genes for Obesity and the Meta-
bolic Syndrome—Time to Call Off the Search?’’Dia-
betes and Vascular Disease Research3 (May 2006):
7–11.
VIDEOS
Hofmekler, Ori.The Warrior Workout, Part One. Running
time: 54 minutes. Both videos can be purchased at the
Warrior Diet website, http://www.warriordiet.org/
tek9.asp?pg=wdvideos.
Hofmelker, Ori.The Warrior Workout, Part Two. Running
time: 54 minutes.Both videos can be purchased at the
Warrior Diet website, http://www.warriordiet.org/
tek9.asp?pg=wdvideos.
OTHER
Bass, Clarence.The Warrior Diet & Workout. Available
online at http://www.cbass.com/warrior_diet.htm
(accessed March 14, 2007).
Hofmekler, Ori. ‘‘New Studies Support the Warrior Diet’s
Brain Powering and Anti-Aging Effects.’’Chet Day’s
Health and Beyond Online, available online at http://
chetday.com/warriordietantiaging.htm (accessed
March 15, 2007).Hofmekler, Ori.Your Warrior Diet Questions Answered—
Part 1. Available online at http://www.dragondoor.
com/articler/mode3/155/ (accessed March 14, 2007).
Mahler, Mike. ‘‘Conversation with a Modern-Day
Warrior—Ori Hofmekler.’’BodyBuilding.com.
Available online at http://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/
mahler49.htm (accessed March 15, 2007).
‘‘The Warrior Diet: An Interview withPenthouseEditor Ori
Hofmekler.’’Testosterone Nation, posted August 5, 1999.
Available at http://www.t-nation.com/findArticle.do?
article=body_64war (accessed March 15, 2007).
ORGANIZATIONS
Defense Nutrition, LLC. P. O. Box 5028, Woodland Hills,
CA 91365-5028. Telephone: (866) 927-3438. Website:
http://www.defensenutrition.com/.
Dragon Door Publications. P.O. Box 4381, St. Paul, MN- Telephone: (651) 487-2180. Website: http://
http://www.dragondoor.com/.
Hofmekler’s art website: http://www.orihofmekler.com.
[No mailing address] Telephone: (917) 767-7983 or
(212) 909-2793.
Warrior Diet. P. O. Box 5028, Woodland Hills, CA 91365- - Telephone: (866) WAR-DIET (927-3438).
Website: http://www.warriordiet.com.
Rebecca J. Frey, PhDWater
Definition
Water is hydrogen oxide and it is composed of two
molecules of hydrogen and one molecule of oxygen. It
has a molecular weight of 18.016 and is the most
universal solvent known.Purpose
Water is the most universal solvent known. In the
human body, it is capable of dissolving simple ele-
ments, ions and large organic molecules. Because of
water’s ability to maintain these materials in solution,
the various body chemicals are capable of undergoing
reactions that would not be possible in other forms.
Because water is a liquid, it can be carried through
the circulatory system, reaching to all cells in the body.Description
Water is the most common compound in the
human body, although the percentage of body water
will vary from individual to individual, depending on
age, gender, and general body composition. Newborn
infants are about 78% body water, but this drops toWater