andhopefullymoreusefulfindingswill helpimprovethe
life of all those affected by this debilitating condition.
Resources
BOOKS
Richardson, Alex.They Are What You Feed Them Harper
Thorsons 2006
Simopoulos, Artemis and Jo Robinson.The Omega Diet
Harper Collins Publishers 1999
Stevens, Laura.12 Effective Ways to Help Your ADD /
ADHD Child Penguin 2000
Stordy, Jacqueline and Malcolm Nicholl.The LCP Solution
Macmillan 2002
PERIODICALS
Akhondzadeh et al. ‘‘Zinc sulphate as an adjunct to meth-
ylphenidate for the treatment of attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder in children: A double-blind and
randomised trial’’Bio Med Central Psychiatry 2004 4:9.
Antalis et al. ‘‘Omega 3 fatty acid status in attention-deficit/
hyperactivity disorder’’Prostaglandins Leukotrienes
and Essential Fatty Acids 2006 75 (4-5) p299-308.
Bateman et al. ‘‘The effects of a double-blind, placebo-
controlled, artificial food colourings and benzoate
preservative challenge on hyperactivity in a general
population sample of pre-school children’’Archives of
Disease in Childhood 2004 89 p506-511.
Bilici et al. ‘‘Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of zinc
sulfate in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder’’Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology and
Biological Psychiatry 2004 28 (1) p181-190.
Bourre. ‘‘Effects of nutrients (in food) on the structure and
function of the nervous system: update on dietary
requirements for brain. Part 1: micronutrients’’Journal
of Nutrition, Health and Ageing 2006 10 (5) p377-385.
Bourre. ‘‘Effects of nutrients (in food) on the structure and
function of the nervous system: update on dietary
requirements for brain. Part 2: macronutrients’’Journal
of Nutrition, Health and Ageing 2006 10 (5) p386-399.
Brookes et al. ‘‘Association of fatty acid desaturase genes
with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder’’Biological
Psychiatry 2006 epub ahead of print.
Colquhoun & Bunday. ‘‘A lack of essential fatty acids as a
possible cause of hyperactivity in children.’’Medical
Hypotheses 1981 7 (5) p673-679.
Galler et al. ‘‘Behavioural effects of childhood mal-
nutrition’’American Journal of Psychiatry 2005 162
p1760-1761.
Georgieff. ‘‘Nutrition and the developing brain: nutrient
priorities and measurement’’American Journal of Clin-
ical Nutrition 2007 85 (2) supp p614-620.
Hallahan and Garland. ‘‘Essential fatty acids and their role
in the treatment of impulsivity disorders’’Prostaglan-
dins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 2004 71 (4)
P211-216.
Konofal et al. ‘‘Iron-deficiency in children with attention-
deficit/hyperactivity disorder’’Archives of Pediatric and
Adolescent Medicine 2004 158 (12) p1113-1115.
Richardson. ‘‘Clinical trials of fatty acid treatment in
ADHD, dyslexia, dyspraxia and the autistic spectrum’’
Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids
2004 70 p383-390.
Richardson. ‘‘Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in
childhood developmental and psychiatric disorders’’
Lipids 2004 39 p1215-1222.
Richardson. ‘‘Omega 3 fatty acids in ADHD and related
neurodevelopmental disorders’’International Review of
Psychiatry 2006 18(2) p155-172.
Schab and Trinh. ‘‘Do artificial food colors promote
hyperactivity in children with hyperactive syndromes?
A meta-analysis of double-blind, placebo-controlled
trials’’Journal of Developmental and Behavioural
Pediatrics 2004 25(6) p423-434.
Stevenson. ‘‘Dietary influences on cognitive development
and behaviour in children’’Proceedings of the Nutrition
Society 2006 65 94) p361-365.
Virmani et al. ‘‘Effects of metabolic modifiers such as car-
nitines, coenzyme Q10 and PUFAs against different
forms of neurotoxic insults: metabolic inhibitors,
MPTP and methamphetamine’’Annals of the New York
Academy of Science 2005 1053 p183-189.
Virmani and Binienda. ‘‘Role of carnitine esters in brain
neuropathology’’Molecular Aspects of Medicine 2004
25 (5-6) p533-549.
ORGANIZATIONS
Brain and Body Nutrition http://www.brainandbody.co.uk
British Dietetic Association 5th Floor Charles House 148/9
Great Charles Street Queensway Birmingham B3 3HT
http://www.bda.uk.com
Food Standards Agency http://www.food.gov.uk
Freelance Dietitians Group (UK) http://www.dietitiansun
limited.co.ukEmma Mills, RDAdolescent nutrition
Definition
Nutrition describes the processes by which all of
the food a person eats are taken in and the nutrients
that the body needs are absorbed. Good nutrition for
adolescents can help prevent disease and promote
proper health, growth, and development.
Adequate intakes ofvitaminsandmineralsare an
important part of nutrition. Vitamins are organic sub-
stances present in food. They are required by the body
in small amounts to regulatemetabolismand to main-
tain normal growth and functioning. Minerals are
vital because they are the building blocks that make
up the muscles, tissues, and bones. They also areAdolescent nutrition