Resources
BOOKS
Smith, J.Living With Dietary Fructose Intolerance: A Guide
to Managing your Life With this New Diagnosis.Char-
leston, SC: BookSurge Publishing, 2006.
Gazzola, A.Living with Food Intolerance.London, UK:
Sheldon Press, 2006.
Saville, A., Haynes, A.Food Intolerance Bible.New York,
NY: ThorsonsElement (Harpercollins), 2005.
Minocha, A.Handbook of Digestive Diseases.Thorofare,
NJ: Slack Incorporated, 2004.
Emsley, J., Fell, P.Was It Something You Ate?: Food Intol-
erance: What Causes It and How to Avoid It.Oxford,
UK: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Frieri, M, Kettelhut, B. (eds).Food Hypersensitivity and
Adverse Reactions.Boca Raton, FL: S. CRC Press, 1999.
Cornblath, M., Schwartz, R.Disorders of Carbohydrate
Metabolism in Infancy.Cambridge, MA: Blackwell
Scientific Publications, 1991.
ORGANIZATIONS
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney
Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health. 31
Center Drive, MSC 2560, Bethesda, MD 20892-2560.
1-800-891-5389.<digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/
pubs/facts/index.htm>.
American Gastroenterological Association. 930 Del Ray
Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814. (301)654-2055.
<www.gastro.org>.
International Foundation for Functional Gastrointestinal
Disorders Inc. P.O. Box 170864, Milwaukee, WI 53217-- 1-888-964-2001.<www.iffgd.org>.
United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 5600
Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857-0001. 1-888-INFO-
FDA (1-888-463-6332).<www.fda.gov>.
Genetic and Rare Diseases (GARD) Information Center,
PO Box 8126, Gaithersburg, MD 20898-8126. 1-301-
519-3194.<rarediseases.info.nih.gov/html/resources/
info_cntr.html>.
Monique Laberge, Ph.D.Fruitarian diet
Definition
A fruitarian diet is a strict form of a vegetarian
diet that is generally limited to eating fresh fruits.Origins
The fruitarian diet has been around for hundreds of
years and probably longer. In his writings, artist, scien-
tist, and inventor Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) indi-
cated he was a fruitarian. Despite the popular view thatearly man was primarily meat-eaters, there is some sci-
entific evidence to indicate that they ate a diet composed
primarily of fruits, nuts, and berries. Some religious
scholars argue that the original fruitarians were Adam
and Eve in the Garden of Eden. There are a number of
historical references to a fruitarian diet in the 1800s and
1900s. In much of the historical documentation, people
who became fruitarians switched to a more accepted
diet after a few months or years, often renouncing the
diet. Indian spiritual and political leader Mahatma
Gandhi (1869–1948) was a fruitarian for six months in
the early 1900s before going back to a vegetarian diet.DescriptionA fruitarian diet, also called a fructarian diet, is a
form of vegan diet that is generally limited to eating
fruits. The definition of what is a fruit often varies
among fruitarians (also called fructarians or frugivores).
Some adhere to a strict interpretation, consuming only
fruits from plants and trees. Some fruitarians include
berries in their diet, others broaden the definition to
include nuts and seeds, while yet others include some
food that is commonly thought of as vegetables, includ-
ing peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers, and avocados. A
fourth type of fruitarian includes grains in the diet.
One definition of a fruitarian is someone who has a
diet composed of more than 50% fruit. The Website
Beyond Vegetarianism (http://www.beyondveg.com)
defines a fruitarian diet as one containing at least 75%
fruit (which includes grains and nuts) and the remainderU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
recommended amount of fruit per dayLess active Moderately active Active
Age (cup) (cup) (cup)
Children 2–3 yrs. 1 1 1
Boys 4–8 yrs. 1½ 1½ 1½
Girls 4–8 yrs. 1 1½ 1½
Boys 9–13 yrs. 1½ 1½ 2
Girls 9–13 yrs. 1½ 1½ 1½
Boys 14–18 yrs. 2 2 2½
Girls 14–18 yrs. 1½ 2 2
Men 19–30 yrs. 2 2 2½
Women 19–30 yrs. 2 2 2
Men 31–50 yrs. 2 2 2½
Women 31–50 yrs. 1½ 2 2
Men 51 yrs. 2 2 2
Women 51 yrs. 1½ 1½ 2
SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services(Illustration by GGS Information Services/Thomson Gale.)Fruitarian diet