Arnica (Arnica montana). Anti-inflammatory, anti-
microbial, muscular soreness, pain relief.
Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea). Anti-inflammatory,
digestive, antiseptic.
Belladonna (Atropa belladonna). Antispasmodic,
narcotic, reduces sweating, sedative.
Bergamot (Citrus bergamia). Disinfectant, muscle
relaxant.
Calendula, marigold (Calendula officinallis). Anti-
inflammatory, astringent, heals wounds, antiseptic,
detoxifying.
Camphor (Cinnamomum camphora). Antiseptic,
antispasmodic, analgesic, expectorant.
Cardus, milk thistle (Carduus marianus). Digestive,
liver tonic, stimulates secretion of bile, increases
breast–milk production, antidepressant.KEY TERMS
Analgesic—A substance capable of producing anal-
gesia, meaning one that relieves pain.
Antianemic—Preventing or curing anemia, a condi-
tion characterized by a lower than normal count of
red blood cells.
Antiemetic—Agents that prevent nausea and vomiting.
Antifungal—Substance that prevents the growth of
fungi.
Antihyperlipidemic—Substance used in the treat-
ment of very high serum triglyceride levels.
Antimicrobial—Substance that prevents the growth
of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses and
fungi.
Antimutagenic—Substancethatprotectsagainstgenetic
mutation.
Antinociceptive—Substance that reduces sensitivity
to painful stimuli.
Antioxidative—A substance that inhibits oxidation.
Antipyretic—An agent that reduces or prevents fever.
Antitussive—Preventing or relieving cough.
Astringent—Tending to draw together or constrict
tissues.
Atherosclerosis—Clogging, narrowing, and harden-
ing of the body’s large arteries and medium-sized
blood vessels.
Carminative—A substance that stops the formation
of intestinal gas and helps expel gas that has already
formed.
Demulcent—A substance that soothes irritated tis-
sue, especially mucous membranes.
Diaphoretic—An agent that promotes sweating.
Emetic—A medicine that induces nausea and vomiting.
Emollient—An agent that softens and soothes the
skin when applied locally.Enzyme—A protein that accelerates the rate of
chemical reactions.
Estrogen—A hormone produced by the ovaries and
testes.Itstimulatesthedevelopmentofsecondarysexual
characteristics and induces menstruation in women.
Expectorant—A substance that stimulates removal
of mucus from the lungs.
Hematemesis—The medical term for bloody vomitus.
Intermittent claudication—Symptoms that occur
when the leg muscles do not receive the oxygen
rich blood required during exercise, thus causing
cramping in the hips, thighs or calves.
Hypolipidemic—Promoting the reduction of lipid
concentrations in the serum.
Hypotensive—Agent that lowers blood pressure.
Laxative—A medicine thathelps relieve constipation.
Narcotic—An agent that causes insensibility or stu-
por; usually refers to opioids given to relieve pain.
Nervine—An agent that calms nervousness, tension
or excitement.
Neurogenic bladder—An unstable bladder associ-
ated with a neurological condition, such as diabetes,
stroke or spinal cord injury.
Osteoarthritis—A form of arthritis, occurring mainly
in older persons, that is characterized by chronic
degeneration of the cartilage of the joints.
Psoriasis—A chronic disease of the skin marked by
red patches covered with white scales.
Sedative—A substance that reduces nervous tension.
Sialagogue—Promotes the flow of saliva.
Tonic—An agent that restores or increases body tone.
Trace minerals—Minerals needed by the body in
small amounts. They include: selenium, iron, zinc,
copper,manganese,molybdenum,chromium,arsenic,
germanium, lithium, rubidium, tin.Phytonutrients