Cambridge Additional Mathematics

SYMBOLS AND NOTATION USED IN THIS BOOK

N the set of natural numbers, f 1 , 2 , 3 , ....g

Z the set of integers, f 0 ,§ 1 ,§ 2 ,§ 3 , ....g

Z+ the set of positive integers, f 1 , 2 , 3 , ....g

Q the set of rational numbers

Q+ the set of positive rational numbers, fx 2 Q, x> 0 g

R the set of real numbers

R+ the set of positive real numbers, fx 2 R, x> 0 g

[a,b] the closed interval fx 2 R :a 6 x 6 bg

[a,b) the interval fx 2 R :a 6 x<bg

(a,b] the interval fx 2 R :a<x 6 bg

(a,b) the open interval fx 2 R :a<x<bg

fx 1 ,x 2 , ....g the set with elements x 1 ,x 2 , ....

n(A) the number of elements in the finite setA

fx:.... the set of allxsuch that

2 is an element of

2 = is not an element of

? or fg the empty set

U the universal set

[ union

\ intersection

μ is a subset of

½ is a proper subset of

* is not a subset of

6 ½ is not a proper subset of

A^0 the complement of the setA

a

1

n,pnaato the power of^1

n

, nth root ofa (if a> 0 then n

p

a> 0 )

a

1

(^2) ,paato the power^1
2 , square root ofa (if a>^0 then
p
a> 0 )
jxj the modulus or absolute value ofx, that is
½
xfor x> 0 , x 2 R
¡xfor x< 0 , x 2 R
́ identity or is equivalent to
¼ is approximately equal to
n! nfactorial for n 2 N (0! = 1)
¡n
r
¢
the binomial coefficient
n!
r!(n¡r)!
forn,r 2 N, 06 r 6 n

is greater than
̧or> is greater than or equal to
< is less than
·or 6 is less than or equal to
6
IGCSE
cyan magenta yellow black
(^05255075950525507595)
100 100
(^05255075950525507595)
100 100
Y:\HAESE\CAM4037\CamAdd_00\006CamAdd_00.cdr Friday, 31 January 2014 11:57:28 AM BRIAN