legal arrangements are difficult to undo and put together again in accordance
with due legal process and constitutional correctness.
The downside to the traditional-lineal approach includes these summary
observations: that this mode –- Provides for the future on a normative (adjustment and extrapolation) basis,
with little accommodation of ‘the big picture’ or ‘what if’ alternatives and
ambitions. - Avoids conflict via a reductionist pigeon-holing of activities into sub-compo-
nents; straitjacketing politically ‘wicked’ multifaceted problems into techni-
cally benign, singular, procedures. - Focuses on physical outcomes to the neglect of social issues – hence two-
dimensional physical ‘blueprint’ and ‘master’ plan-making.
The 11-step ‘Traditional sequence’ given earlier in figure 2.5 is now represented
in line-drawn format as figure 2.6, Sequential progression for traditional plan-
ning, which also shows the in-line ‘feedback’ feature.
Excepting the virtue of being readily understood, there seems to be little on
the credit side to align with the trend-formula approach to traditional-lineal56 Principles
Step 1 Emergence of the need or desire for development or planning. Issue identification.
STEP 2 The formulation of aims and objectives, including their communication to the
public. Task definition.
Step 3 Obtaining agreement or consent to proceed, and communicating this.
Step 4 Assembling a team, assigning responsibilities and outlining the procedure which is
to be followed.
Step 5 Gathering data. Information assembly.
Step 6 Data evaluation (analysis and diagnosis) along the lines of the SWOT depiction
given in figure 2.4. Leading to diagnosis (problem identification) and prognosis
(potential defining).
STEP 7 The all-important design step. Formulation of the general policy direction; then the
presentation of a proposal (or proposals) along with a statement relating to the
commitment of resources this proposal will command. Creative synthesis.
Step 8 Testing of the proposals. Also, if necessary, a testing of the data quality and a data
evaluation. Continuing critical review.
Step 9 Approval: usually including ‘conditions of approval’, along with a communication of
this outcome to all interested parties.
STEP 10 Implementation, usually in accordance with the dictates of market forces and the
vicissitudes of land owner and developer inclinations: otherwise, for projects in
stages, via the application of appropriate Log Frame (chapter 4, box 4.7) monitor-
ing evaluation and adjustment procedures. Tangible output occurs at Step 10.
Step 11 Overview, recasting and re-expression.Figure 2.5 Traditional planning sequence