FIGURE 15.9.Typical Door Operation.Stools. The interior member at the bottom of the frame
(sill) is called the stool.The stool may be made of stone,
brick, precast concrete, terrazzo, tile, metal, or wood. It may
be of the slip or engaged variety. The quantity should be
taken off in linear feet with notes and sketches, showing
material size and installation requirements.
Flashing. Flashing may be required at the head and sill of
the frame. The specifications and details will state whether it
is required and the type. Usually the flashing is installed when
the building is being constructed, but the installation details
diagram how it is to be installed. Also, the estimator checks
on who buys the flashing and who is supposed to install it.
These seemingly small items should not be neglected,
because they amount to a good deal of time and expense.
Lintels. The horizontal supporting member of the open-
ing is called a lintel.It may be wood, concrete, steel, or block
with steel reinforcing. The lintels are not installed as part of
the window, but rather they are installed as the building pro-
gresses. At this time, however, the estimator double-checks
whether the lintels have been included, both as material and
installation costs.
15–3 Doors
Doors are generally classified as interior or exterior, although
exterior doors are often used in interior spaces. The list of
materials of which doors are made includes wood, aluminum,
steel, glass, stainless steel, bronze, copper, plastics, fiberglass,
and hardboard. Doors are also grouped according to the
mode of their operation. Some different types of operation
are illustrated in Figure 15.9. Accessories required include
glazing, grilles and louvers, weatherstripping (for sound, light,
and weather), molding, trim, mullions, transoms, and more.
The frames and hardware must also be included.
Many specially constructed doors serve a particular
need: Some examples are fire-rated, sound-reduction, and
lead-lined doors. The frames may be of as many different
materials as the doors themselves, and the doors sometimes
come prehung in the frame. The doors may be prefinished at
the factory or job finished.Wood Doors. Wood doors are basically available in two
types: solid and hollow core. Solid-core doors may have a
core of wood block or low-density fibers and are generally
available in thicknesses of 1^1 ⁄ 8 and 1^1 ⁄ 4 inches for fiber core and
11 ⁄ 4 inches through 2^1 ⁄ 2 inches in the wood block core. Widths
of 5 feet are available in both types with a height of 12 feet as
maximum for wood block core. The fiber core door is avail-
able in 6 8 ,7 0 , and 8 0 heights, but different manufactur-
ers offer different sizes. In checking the specifications, the
estimator notes the type of core required, any other special
requirements such as the number of plies of construction,
fire rating, and the type of face veneer.
Hollow-core doors are any doors in which the cores are
not solid. The core may have interlocking wood grid strips,
ribs, struts, or corrugated honeycomb. The specifications
should spell out exactly what type is required. Thicknesses
usually range from 1^1 ⁄ 8 inches to 1^1 ⁄ 4 inches, with widths of
1 to 4 feet and heights up to 8 feet.
The face veneer required in the specifications should be
checked carefully, as there is a considerable difference in prices.
Refer to Figure 15.10 for a quick reference cost guide to various190 CHAPTER FIFTEEN