674 IndexContinuous time
function (f(t)), 4, 322, 499, 538–541
time signals, 23–24
time systems, 3
Convergence, 477–479
Conversion tables, transform, 320, 347, 483
Convolution integral, 335–336
Convolution process
characteristics of, 337, 493, 502
discrete systems, 465–468
in frequency, 471
time functions, 335, 348, 471
ZT, 476
Cooley-Tukey algorithms, 498
Copper, 105, 109, 261
Correlation function, 502
Cosine functions, 47, 226, 252, 321, 491
Cosine-sine series, 322
Coulomb, Charles, 101
Coulomb units, 101, 106
Coulomb’s law, 103, 105
cps, 226
Crest factor, 230
Critical damped system
characteristics of, 131
examples of, 199–200, 203–204
parallel, 133
series, 135
Cross-correlations, 335–336, 503–504
Current
circuit elements, 103
defi ned, 102
divider network, 112
divider rule, 111, 136–138, 225
fl ow, 106
Norton short-circuit, 119–120
sources, 119, 122–123
Cutoff frequency
Butterworth fi lters, 580
fi lters and, 565
implications of, 4, 44–45, 582
parallel RLC, 246
series RLC, 245
stop-band, 577
Cycles per second, 16D
Damping coeffi cient, 14, 131
Damping constant, 14
Daulity, 334
DC (direct current)
component, 323current source, 102
defi ned, 102
electrical systems, components of, 102
linear network, 118–119
Fourier transform, 393
production of, 102
shifting, 23
theorem, 225
transient analysis, see Direct current (DC)
transient analysis
transient response, 103
voltage sources, 102
Decaying exponentials, 131–132
Decay time exponentials, 127
Decibels, 107, 565
decimate function, 44
Decimation process, 44–45, 83–86
Decomposition, 329
De Forest, Lee, 102
Delay
distortion, 321
impact of, 337
propagation, 564
time, 338
unit, 458
Delta function, 5
Democritus, 104
denz function, 585
Derivatives
higher-order, 348
sinusoid, 225
Deterministic signals, 2, 45
Dielectric constant, 110
Difference equations, 458, 461, 463–464, 552–555
Differential equations (DEs), 3, 15, 320, 361, 589
Differentiation, 348
Digital fi lters
characteristics of, 569–570
design examples, 650–653
frequencies, 583
multiband normalized, 641–642
stable, 584
synthesis process, 599
see also Finite impulse response (FIR) fi lters;
Infi nite impulse response (IIR) fi lters
Digital-fi lter theory, 457
Digital frequency, 583–585
Digital information transmission, 21
Digital signals
features of, 9
processing (DSP) special chip, 570
Digital-to-analog (D/A) converter, 9
dimpulse function, 40, 70–71
Dirac function, 5–6CRC_47760_Index.indd 674CRC_47760_Index.indd 674 7/18/2008 3:10:50 PM7/18/2008 3:10:50 PM