Index 677transfer functions, 563, 569, 583, 585, 589
Type-1, 590–592, 636–638
Type-2, 590–592
Type-3, 590, 592–593
Finite length sequence, 43
First-order circuit, 116n
First-order equations
linear, 129
ordinary, 127
First-order fi lters
characteristics of, 572
defi ned, 569
examples, 599–609
types of, 573
First-to-order analog (RC) LPF, 585
FM signals
bandwidth, 22
features of, 21–22
time domain representations, 22
FM spectrum, 443–447
f(n) function, 495–497
Force fi eld, 105
Forcing function, 248
Form factor, 230
Fourier, Jean Baptiste Joseph, 319
Fourier analysis, 326. See also Fourier series
Fourier coeffi cients, 322, 324
Fourier series (FS)
application problems, 447–451
approximation, 170 –171, 223, 326
characteristics of, 468
examples, 376–397
expansion, 323–324, 326, 329–330, 332, 593
trigonometric, 322–324, 396–400
Fourier transform (FT)
analog signal, 469
characteristics of, 468
direct, 330–331
examples, 400–413, 443–447
inverse, 344–345
inverse equation (IFT), 321–322, 330
modulation, 330
notation, 331
pair time/frequency, 333
series, 319–320
time functions, 342–344
value theorem, 321
Franklin, Benjamin, 101
Free space, 105
Frequency
differentiation, 334–335, 470, 476
domain, see Frequency domain
equivalent circuits, 252
FM signal, 21generator, 261
harmonic-related, 319
integration, 335
linear phase shift, 334
prewarping, 586
response, 583
scaling transformation, 567–568
shifting, 470, 476
shift keying (FSK) signal, 21, 87–88
sinusoid derivatives, 225
value, initial, 471
wrapping, 584
Frequency domain
discrete systems, 468, 545
DTFT, 472
domain, in discrete system, 458
equation, 320
fi lter transfer function, 586
implications of, 324–325, 354
nonperiodic signal, 321
periodic signal, 321
time-domain compared with, 321
freqz function, 472–473
Friedrichs, K. O., 5
F(s) function, 346
f(t). See Fourier transform (FT); Laplace
transform (LT)
Function fi les, Impfun, 27
Fundamental frequency, 17, 323G
Gain, fi lter transfer function, 581–582, 586
Gain function, 337–339, 561, 564–565
Gallium arsenate (GaAs), 106
Gauss, Carl Friedrich, 458
Gaussian noise, 52
Gaussian signal, 17
Gaussian window, 48
General analog ramp function, 13
Generalized calculus, 10
Generalized functions, 5
Generators
functions of, 102
monophase, 261
polyphase system, 263–264
single-phase, 261–262
three-phase system, 261–266
two-phase, 261–262
gensig function, 38
Geometric mean, 246
Germanium (Ge), 106
Gibbs, Josiah Willard, 326, 381CRC_47760_Index.indd 677CRC_47760_Index.indd 677 7/18/2008 3:10:50 PM7/18/2008 3:10:50 PM