700
INDEX
Hearing (
continued
)
afferent nerve fibers, 207–208
air conduction, 210
audiometry, 213
audition, 212–213
bone conduction, 210
central pathway, 211, 214
cochlea, 205
deafness, 213
electrical responses, 207
external ear, 203–205
hair cells, 211
hair dust, 206–208
inner ear, 205
medulla oblongata, 211–212
middle ear, 203–205
organ of Corti, 205–206
responses to linear acceleration, 215–216
responses to rotational acceleration, 214–215
saccule, 206
semicircular canals, 206
sound localization, 213
sound transmission, 209–210
sound waves, 208–209
spatial orientation, 216
structure, 206–207
traveling waves, 210–211
tympanic reflex, 210
utricle, 206
vestibular system, 213–216
Heart, 507–520
arterial pulse, 510–512
atrial pressure changes, 512
atrial systole, 508
cardiac cycle, mechanical events, 507–520
cardiac muscle, relation of tension to length, 515
cardiac output, 513–519
early diastole, 509
echocardiography, 513
end-diastolic volume, factors affecting, 515
factors controlling, 514–515
heart sounds, 512
integrated control, 518–519
jugular pulse, 512
late diastole, 507
length of systole, diastole, 510
measurement, 513–514
murmurs, 512–513
myocardial contractility, 515–517
oxygen consumption by heart, 519
pericardium, 510
timing, 510
in various conditions, 514
ventricular systole, 508
Heartbeat, 489–506
Heart failure, 660
Heart hormones, 674–676
Heart sounds, 512
Heat loss, 284–285
Heat production, 104, 283–284
Heavy chains, 73
Helicotrema, 205
Helper T cells, 70
Hematocrit, 542
Hematopoietic stem cells, 522
Heme, 459, 523, 610
Hemianopia, 198
Hemiblock, 497
Hemidesmosome, 38
Hemispheres, complementary specialization,
295–296
Hemodialysis, 660
Hemoglobin, 523, 614
in fetus, 525–526
reactions of, 523–525
synthesis of, 526
Hemoglobin A, 523
Hemoglobin F, 525
Hemolytic disease of newborn, 530
Hemolytic transfusion reactions, 528
Hemosiderin, 459
Hemostasis, 531–535
anticlotting mechanisms, 533–535
anticoagulants, 535
clotting mechanism, 531–533
response to injury, 531
Hemostatic plug, 531
Henderson Hasselbach equation, 4
Heparin, 533
Hepatic circulation, 480–481
Hepatolenticular degeneration, 252
Hephaestin, 459
Hering–Breuer reflexes, 632
Herring bodies, 278
Heterologous desensitization, 130
Heterometric regulation, 515
Heteronymous, 198
Heterotrimeric G proteins, 53
Heterozygous, 529
Hexokinase, 20
Hexose monophosphate shunt, 20
Hexoses, 19, 23
Hiccup, 633
High-density lipoproteins, 27
High-energy phosphate compounds, 8
High-molecular-weight kininogen, 566
High-pressure system, 543
Hippocampus, 292–293
His bundle electrogram, 496
Histaminase, 138
Histamine, 137–138, 168, 238
Histones, 11
Histotoxic hypoxia, 617, 621
HLA-G, 424
HMG-CoA reductase, 27
Holter monitor, 496
Homeostasis, 58–59
Homeothermic, 283
Homologous desensitization, 130
Homometric regulation, 515
Homonymous, 198
Homunculus, 175
Horizontal cells, 182
Hormonal abnormalities, 397–398
Hormonal functions, hypothalamic regulation,
273–288
afferent connections of hypothalamus,
273–274
afferents, 285
anterior pituitary hormones, 279–280
anterior pituitary secretion, 279–282
autonomic function, 275–276
biosynthesis, 277–278
clinical implications, 282
effects of vasopressin, 279
fever, 285–286
heat loss, 284–285
heat production, 283–284
hypophysiotropic hormones, 280–282
hypothalamic control, 280
hypothalamic function, 275
hypothalamus, 273–277
hypothermia, 286
intraneuronal transport, 277–278magnocellular neurons, electrical activity, 278
milk ejection reflex, 279
normal body temperature, 283
oxytocin, 277, 279
pituitary gland, 274–275
posterior pituitary secretion, 277–279
secretion, 277–278
significance, 282
temperature-regulating mechanisms, 285
temperature regulation, 282–286
thirst, 276
vasopressin, 277, 279
vasopressin receptors, 279
water intake, factors regulating, 277
Hormone-sensitive lipase, 27
Hormones, 443, 446
cancer and, 427
cholecystokinin, 443–446
enteroendocrine cells, 443
gastrin, 443
GIP, 446
motilin, 447
secretin, 446
somatostatin, 447–448
systemic regulation by, 566–567
VIP, 447
Horripilation, 284
hPL. See Human placental lactogen
HSCs. See Hematopoietic stem cells
Hue, 195
Human chorionic gonadotropin, 424
Human chorionic somatomammotropin, 424
Human placental lactogen, 424
Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy, 370
Humoral immunity, 70
Huntingtin, 252
Huntington disease, 252
Hydrophilic, 32
Hydrophobic, 32
Hydrops fetalis, 530
Hydrostatic pressure gradient, 548
Hydroxyapatites, 371
Hydroxycholecalciferols, 365–367
Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 345
Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, 355
Hyperactive stretch reflexes, 244
Hyperaldosteronism, 359
Hyperalgesia, 168, 169
Hypercalcemia, 250
of malignancy, 370
Hypercalciuria, 250
Hypercapnia, 622, 630
Hyperglycemia, 323
effects of, 323
Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, 410
Hyperkinetic, 252
Hypernatremia, 276
Hyperopia, 187
Hyperosmia, 222
Hyperosmolar coma, 324
Hypertension, 340
Hypertensive form, 346
Hypertonia, 244
Hypertonic, 6, 653
Hypertonicity, 163
Hypervariable regions, 74
Hypervitaminosis A, 466
Hypervitaminosis D, 466
Hypervitaminosis K, 466
Hypesthesia, 222
Hypocalcemic tetany, 364
Hypocapnia, 623