streams, 338-339
binary streams, 339
equivalence of streams, 341
input/output functions, 340-341
predefined streams, 339-340
text streams, 339
output streams, 339
OverloadDemo.java program, 731-732
Overloaded class, 731
overloaded method, 731
overloading
C++ functions, 655-656, 686
Java class constructors, 734, 736
methods (Java), 731-732P
package keyword, specifying packages, 725
packages, Java, 643, 725
parameters
comparing to arguments, 107
of functions, writing, 106-108
receiving arguments, 108
scope, 294
parent classes, 736-738
parentheses (), 99, 114
operator precedence, 70
pointer declaration, 394
passing
arrays to functions, 211-216
listing, 212-215
structures as arguments, 273-275
structures to functions, 273-275
passing by reference, 515-519
passing by value, 515-519
passing pointers to functions, 515-519
paths, filenames, 441
pausing systems, 333percent sign (%), conversion specifiers, 149
performance, macros versus functions, 605
perror() function, 547
planning structured programming, 103-104
pointer arithmetic, 206
pointers to arrays of structures, 271
pointer constants, 208
pointer variables, pointing to functions, 409
pointers, 198-200
arithmetic operations, 209-210
array element storage, 203-205
array names as, 202-203
arrays, passing to functions, 211-216
arrays of, 397-398
char type, 398-400
example of, 401-406
as structure members, 266-268
compared to array subscript notation, 211
comparisons, 209
creating, 196-197
dangers of uninitialized, 210-211
data types, 201-202
declaring, 197-198
decrementing, 207-208
differencing, 209
formatted file output, 446
incrementing, 206-207, 271-273
initializing, 198, 420
linked lists, 416-417
adding elements to beginning, 418-420
adding elements to end, 420
adding elements to middle, 421
deleting elements, 422, 434
example, 423-426
implementing, 426-433
listing, 199-200
malloc() function, 230
memory address, 196
multidimensional arrays, 389-397
passing to functions, 515-519920 output51 448201x-Index 8/13/02 11:23 AM Page 920