33 PARTICLE PHYSICS
Figure 33.1Part of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, on the border of Switzerland and France. The LHC is a particle accelerator, designed to study fundamental particles.
(credit: Image Editor, Flickr)
Learning Objectives
33.1. The Yukawa Particle and the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Revisited- Define Yukawa particle.
- State the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
- Describe pion.
- Estimate the mass of a pion.
- Explain meson.
33.2. The Four Basic Forces - State the four basic forces.
- Explain the Feynman diagram for the exchange of a virtual photon between two positive charges.
- Define QED.
- Describe the Feynman diagram for the exchange of a between a proton and a neutron.
33.3. Accelerators Create Matter from Energy - State the principle of a cyclotron.
- Explain the principle of a synchrotron.
- Describe the voltage needed by an accelerator between accelerating tubes.
- State Fermilab’s accelerator principle.
33.4. Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws - Define matter and antimatter.
- Outline the differences between hadrons and leptons.
- State the differences between mesons and baryons.
33.5. Quarks: Is That All There Is? - Define fundamental particle.
- Describe quark and antiquark.
- List the flavors of quark.
- Outline the quark composition of hadrons.
- Determine quantum numbers from quark composition.
33.6. GUTs: The Unification of Forces - State the grand unified theory.
- Explain the electroweak theory.
- Define gluons.
- Describe the principle of quantum chromodynamics.
- Define the standard model.
CHAPTER 33 | PARTICLE PHYSICS 1183