0071643192.pdf

CHAPTER 3

Trauma

Hagop M. Afarian, MD, MS

Initial Trauma—Stabilization and Resuscitation 143

Head Trauma 145

INTRACRANIALHEMORRHAGE 147

BASILARSKULLFRACTURE 149

FRACTURE OFSKULLCONVEXITY 150

CONCUSSION 151

Spinal Fractures 151

CERVICALSPINALFRACTURES 151

SPINALCORDINJURIES 155

SPINALCORDINJURYWITHOUTRADIOGRAPHICABNORMALITY(SCIWORA) 157

Blunt Chest Trauma 158

SIMPLEPNEUMOTHORAX 158

TENSIONPNEUMOTHORAX 159

HEMOTHORAX 160

RIBFRACTURES 161

FLAILCHEST 162

STERNALFRACTURE 163

PULMONARYCONTUSION 163

PNEUMOMEDIASTINUM 164

CARDIACCONTUSION/BLUNTMYOCARDIALINJURY(BMI) 164

AORTICINJURY/TRAUMATICRUPTURE OF THEAORTA(TRA) 165

Penetrating Chest Trauma 166

OPENPNEUMOTHORAX(SUCKINGCHESTWOUND)1 66

HEART 167

GREATVESSELS 167

Blunt Abdominal Trauma 168

DIAPHRAGMATICINJURY 168

HOLLOWVISCUS 169

SOLIDORGANS 169

Penetrating Abdominal Trauma 170

STUDIES INABDOMINALTRAUMA 170

INDICATIONS FORLAPAROTOMY 171