0071643192.pdf

TRAUMA

TABLE 3.14. Chemical Burns

WHEREFOUND DAMAGE TREATMENT SPECIAL

Acids

Acetic acid Hair wave Partial-thickness Water irrigation Oral abx for persistent

neutralizer burns to scalp bacteria on the scalp

Carbolic acid Industrial and Painless white/brown Polyethylene glycol Penetrates more

(Phenol) medicinal coagulum—may prevent and industrial deeply when dilute

penetration of water methylated spirits or than when

irrigation isopropyl alcohol concentrated

Chromic acid Industrial chromium Chronic penetrating Water irrigation and High systemic toxicity

plating and glass ulcerating lesions surgical excision to following skin

cleaning prevent systemic absorption

toxicity

Formic acid Industrial and Coagulative necrosis Water irrigation Acidosis, hemolysis,

agricultural hemoglobinuria

Hydrochloric/ Toilet bowl/ Dark brown or Water irrigation

sulfuric acid drain cleaners black burns

Battery acid

Bleach

Industrial

Hydrofluoric acid High-octane fuel, Deep painful burns with Irrigation Concentration effect

etching, semiconductors, possible blue-gray not duration effect

rust remover skin and erythema

Calcium gluconate Ca↓, Mg↓, K↑, myocardial

(topical/IM/SQ/ instability

intra-arterial)

Treat until pain Pain parallels extent

is gone. of injury.

Methacrylic acid Nail cosmetics Dermal burns Water irrigation Preschoolers

Nitric acid Metal work, fertilizers Yellowish burns Water irrigation

Oxalic acid Leather and blueprint Water irrigation and Binds Ca, inhibits

IV calcium muscle contraction

Alkalis

Lyes Drain cleaners, Deep burns Prolonged water Ingestion can cause

Ammonium detergents, paint irrigation airway occlusion

Barium removers and/or esophageal

Ca, Li trauma.

KOH, NaOh