CHAPTER 1. NUMBER SETS

43. 
    

    ^ëëçÅá~íáîÉ=çÑ=jìäíáéäáÅ~íáçå=
    () ()~⋅Ä⋅Å=~⋅Ä⋅Å

    
    


44. 
    

    aáëíêáÄìíáîÉ=i~ï=
    ~()Ä+Å =~Ä+~Å=

    
    


45. aÉÑáåáíáçå=çÑ=aáîáëáçå=

Ä

N

~

Ä

~

= ⋅ =

=

=

=

1.4 Complex Numbers

=

k~íìê~ä=åìãÄÉêW=å=

fã~Öáå~êó=ìåáíW=á=

`çãéäÉñ=åìãÄÉêW=ò=

oÉ~ä=é~êíW=~I=Å=

fã~Öáå~êó=é~êíW=ÄáI=Çá=

jçÇìäìë=çÑ=~=ÅçãéäÉñ=åìãÄÉêW=êI=êI=N ê=O

^êÖìãÉåí=çÑ=~=ÅçãéäÉñ=åìãÄÉêW=φI=φNI=φO=

=

=

áN=á=ááR= =ááQå+N= =

áO=−N=NáS=− =NáQå+O=− =

áP=−á=ááT=− =ááQå+P=−=

46.

áQ=N=NáU= =NáQå= =

47. 
    

    ò=~+Äá=

    
    


48. 
    

    `çãéäÉñ=mä~åÉ=