Programming and Problem Solving with Java

5.2 Looping | 239

We’ll keep track of the variables line,starCount, and loopCount, as well as the logical expres-
sions. To do so, we’ve numbered each line (except lines containing only a brace). As we trace
the code, we indicate the first execution of line 3 by 3.1, the second by 3.2, and so on. Each
loop iteration is enclosed by a large brace, and trueand falseare abbreviated as T and F (see
Table 5.1).

Variables Logical Expressions

Statement line starCount loopCount line != null loopCount <= starCount Output

1.1 ‘3’ — — — — —

2.1 ‘3’ — — T — —

3.1 ‘3’ 3 — — — —

4.1 ‘3’ 3 1 — — —

5.1 ‘3’ 3 1 — T —

6.1 ‘3’ 3 1 — — *

7.1 ‘3’ 3 2 — — —

5.2 ‘3’ 3 2 — T —

6.2 ‘3’ 3 2 — — *

7.2 ‘3’ 3 3 — — —

5.3 ‘3’ 3 3 — T —

6.3 ‘3’ 3 3 — — *

7.3 ‘3’ 3 4 — — —

5.4 ‘3’ 3 4 — F —

8.1 ‘3’ 3 4 — — \n(newline)

9.1 ‘1’ 3 4 — — —

2.2 ‘1’ 3 4 T — —

3.2 ‘1’ 1 4 — — —

4.2 ‘1’ 1 1 — — —

5.5 ‘1’ 1 1 — T —

6.4 ‘1’ 1 1 — — *

7.4 ‘1’ 1 2 — — —

5.6 ‘1’ 1 2 — F —

8.2 ‘1’ 1 2 — — \n(newline)

9.2 null 1 2 — — —

2.3 null 1 2 F — —

10.1 null 1 2 — — End

Table 5.1 Code Trace