Programming and Problem Solving with Java

9.3 Additional Java Operators | 457

Operator Associativity Remarks

++ -- Right to left ++and --as postfix operators

++ -- Right to left ++and --as prefix operators

Unary +Unary – Right to left

! Right to left

(cast) Right to left

• / % Left to right

• 
  

  – Left to right

  
  


• 
  

  Left to right String concatenation

  
  

< <= > >= Left to right

instanceof Left to right

== != Left to right

& Left to right Boolean operands

^ Left to right Boolean operands

| Left to right Boolean operands

&& Left to right

|| Left to right

?: Right to left

= += –= *= /= %= Right to left

Table 9.2 Precedence (Highest to Lowest)

means

(a – b) + c

and not

a – (b + c)

Certain operators, however, are grouped from right to left—specifically, the unary operators,
the assignment operators, and the ?:operator. Look at the unary “– ”operator, for example.
The expression