CHAPTER

1906

The National

Electrical Signaling

Company’s radio

station in

Massachusetts

hosts the first

broadcasted radio

program of speech

and music on

Christmas Eve

1911

The Calculating,

Tabulating, and

Recording Company

(CTR) is established

1915

Physicist Manson

Benedicks discovers

that AC can be

converted to DC

using the

germanium crystal,

providing the basis

for microchips

1919

W.H. Eccles and F.

W. Jordan invent the

electronic trigger

circuit, or today’s

flip-flop switching

circuit

1920-1921

Playwright Karl

Capek introduces

the word “robot” in

his work “Rossum’s

Universal Robots”

1924

The Calculating,

Tabulating, and

Recording Company

is renamed by T.J.

Watson to

International

Business Machines,

or IBM

to problems using a programming lan-
guage. In this chapter, we look at some of the rules and symbols that
make up the Java programming language. We also review the steps re-
quired to create an application and make it work on a computer.

Programmers develop solutions

2