oxidative fiber associated transcriptional co-activator peroxisome proliferator associated
receptor-(PPAR) gamma coactivator-1alpha and the transcription factor PPAR-alpha were
significantly decreased in spaceflight gastrocnemius. Finally, spaceflight resulted in a significant
decrease in levels of the microRNA miR-206. Together these data demonstrate that spaceflight
induces significant changes in mRNA expression of genes associated with muscle growth and
fiber type (Allen 2008).
PUBLICATION(S)
Lloyd SA, Morony SE, Ferguson VL, et al. Osteoprotegerin is an effective countermeasure for
spaceflight-induced bone loss in mice. Bone. December 2015;81:562-572. doi:
10.1016/j.bone.2015.08.021.
Allen DL, Bandstra ER, Harrison BC, et al. Effects of spaceflight on murine skeletal muscle gene
expression. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2008.
Bateman TA, Bandstra ER. Chapter 20: How animal models inform the debate. Bone Loss During
Spaceflight: Etiology, Countermeasures, and Implications for Bone Health on Earth, Cleveland,
OH; 2007.
Bateman TA. Molecular therapies for disuse osteoporosis. Gravitational and Space Biology.
2004;17(2):83-89.
Milstead J, Simske SJ, Bateman TA. Spaceflight and hindlimb suspension disuse models in mice.
Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation. 2004;40:105-110.
Gridley DS, Nelson GA, Peters LL, et al. Genetic models in applied physiology: selected
contribution: effects of spaceflight on immunity in the C57BL/6 mouse. II. Activation, cytokines,
erythrocytes, and platelets. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2003;94(5):2095-2103.
Harrison BC, Allen DL, Girten BE, et al. Skeletal muscle adaptations to microgravity exposure in
the mouse. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2003;95(6):2462-2470. doi:
10.1152/japplphysiol.00603.2003.
Pecaut MJ, Nelson GA, Peters LL, et al. Genetic models in applied physiology: selected
contribution: effects of spaceflight on immunity in the C57BL/6 mouse. I. Immune population
distributions. Journal of Applied Physiology. May 2003; 94(5):2085-2094. doi:
10.1152/japplphysiol.01052.2002.
This investigation is complete and all results are published.