54 SECTION II Evolution of Nursing Theory: Essential Influences
Cook, E. T. (1913).The life of Florence Nightingale(Vols. 1–2).
London: Macmillan.
Dennis, K. E., & Prescott, P. A. (1985). Florence Nightingale:
Yesterday, today and tomorrow.Advances in Nursing Science,
7 (2), 66–81.
Dolan, J. (1971).The grace of the great lady.Chicago: Medical
Heritage Society.
Donahue, P. (1985).Nursing: The finest art.St. Louis: Mosby.
Dossey, B. (1998). Florence Nightingale: A 19th century mystic.
Journal of Holistic Nursing, 16(2), 111–164.
Erickson, E. (1950).Childhood and society.New York:W.W.
Norton & Co., Inc.
Erikson, E. (1958).Young man Luther.New York:W.W.Norton
& Co., Inc.
Erikson, E. (1974).Dimensions of a new identity.New York:
W. W. Norton & Co., Inc.
Firestone, S. (1971).The dialectic of sex. New York: Bantam
Books.
Fondriest, V., & Osborne, J. (1994). A theorist before her time?
Presentation, NGR 5110, Nursing Theory and Advanced
Practice Nursing, School of Nursing, Florida International
University, N. Miami, FL.
Goldie, S. (1987).I have done my duty: Florence Nightingale in
the Crimean War, 1854–1856.Iowa City: University of Iowa
Press.
Hektor, L. M. (1984).Florence Nightingale, 1837–1853: Identity,
crisis and resolution.Unpublished master’s thesis. Hunter-
Bellevue School of Nursing, New York, NY.
Hektor, L. M. (1992).Nursing, science, and gender: Florence
Nightingale and Martha E. Rogers.Unpublished doctoral dis-
sertation, University of Miami.
Houghton, W. (1957).The Victorian frame of mind.New Haven,
CT: Yale University Press.
Huxley, E. (1975).Florence Nightingale.New York:G.P.Putnam’s
Sons.
Kalisch, P. A., & Kalisch, B. J. (1987).The changing image of the
nurse. Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley.
King, M. G. (1988). Gender: A hidden issue in nursing’s profes-
sionalizing reform movement. Boston: Boston University
School of Nursing. In Strategies for Theory Development V,
March 10–12.
Macrae, J. (1995). Nightingale’s spiritual philosophy and its sig-
nificance for modern nursing.Image: Journal of Nursing
Scholarship, 27,8–10.
Meleis, A. I. (1997).Theoretical nursing: Development and
progress(3rd ed.). Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott.
Monteiro, L. (1984). On separate roads: Florence Nightingale
and Elizabeth Blackwell.Signs: Journal of Women in Culture &
Society, 9,520–533.
Newman, Margaret A. (1972). Nursing’s theoretical evolution.
Nursing Outlook, 20,449–453.
Nightingale, F. (1852/1979).Cassandra,with an introduction by
Myra Stark. Westbury, NY: Feminist Press.
Nightingale, F. (1859).Notes on nursing: What it is and what it is
not.London: Harrison & Sons.
Nightingale, F. (1859/1992).Notes on nursing: Commemorative
edition with commentaries by contemporary nursing leaders.
Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott.
Nightingale, F. (1860).Suggestions for thought to searchers after
religious truths(Vols. 2–3). London: George E. Eyre & William
Spottiswoode.The unique aspects of Florence Nightingale’s
personality and social position, combined
with historical circumstances, laid the
groundwork for the evolution of the modern
discipline of nursing. Are the challenges and
obstacles that we face today any more daunt-
ing than what confronted Nightingale when
she arrived in the Crimea in 1854? Nursing
for Florence Nightingale was what we might
call today her “centering force.” It allowed her
to express her spiritual values as well as en-
abled her to fulfill her needs for leadership
and authority. As historian Susan Reverby
noted, today we are challenged with the
dilemma of how to practice our integral val-
ues of caring in an unjust health-care system
that does not value caring. Let us look again
to Florence Nightingale for inspiration, for
she remains a role model par excellence on
the transformation of values of caring into an
activismthat could potentially transform our
current health-care system into a more hu-
manistic and justone. Her activism situates
her in the context of justice-making.Justice-
makingis understood as a manifestation of
compassion and caring, for it is actions that
bring about justice (Boykin & Dunphy, 2002,
p. 16). Florence Nightingale’s legacy of con-
necting caring with activism can then truly
be said to continue.References
Ackernecht, E. (1982).A short history of medicine. Baltimore:
Johns Hopkins University Press.
Arnstein, W. (1988).Britain: Yesterday and today. Lexington,
MA: D. C. Heath & Co.
Auerbach, N. (1982).Women and the demon: The life of a
Victorian myth. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Barritt, E. R. (1973). Florence Nightingale’s values and modern
nursing education.Nursing Forum, 12,7–47.
Boykin, A., & Dunphy, L. M. (2002). Justice-making: Nursing’s
call.Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice, 3,14–19.
Bunting, S., & Campbell, J. (1990). Feminism and nursing: An
historical perspective.Advances in Nursing Science, 12,11–24.
Calabria, M., & Macrae, J. (Eds.). (1994).Suggestions for thought
by Florence Nightingale: Selections and commentaries.
Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Cohen, I. B. (1981). Florence Nightingale: The passionate statis-
tician.Scientific American, 250(3): 128–137.