Microsoft® SQL Server® 2012 Bible

199

Chapter 8: Data Types, Expressions, and Scalar Functions

8

RIGHT (string, count) and LEFT (string, count)

RIGHT and LEFT Returns the rightmost or leftmost part of a string:

SELECT LEFT('LeBlanc',2) AS [Left] ,

RIGHT('LeBlanc',2) AS [Right];

Result:

Left Right

----- ----

Le nc

LEN (string)

LEN returns the length of a string:

SELECT LEN('Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious') AS [Len];

Result:

Len

-----------

34

RTRIM(string) and LTRIM(string)

RTRIM(string) and LTrim(string)remove leading or trailing spaces. Although it’s dif-

fi cult to see in print, the three leading and trailing spaces are removed from the following

string. They are often used together as RTRIM(LTRIM(string). The column-header lines

are adjusted with the remaining spaces to illustrate the functions:

SELECT RTRIM(' middle earth ') AS [RTrim],

LTRIM(' middle earth ') AS [LTrim];

Result:

RTrim LTrim

--------------- ---------------

middle earth middle earth

UPPER(string) and LOWER(string):

UPPER and LOWER convert the entire string to uppercase or lowercase. There’s not much to

know about these two functions:

SELECT UPPER('one TWO tHrEe') AS UpperCase,

LOWER('one TWO tHrEe') AS LowerCase;

Result:

UpperCase LowerCase

------------- -------------

ONE TWO THREE one two three

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