Friend to friend:^124 RV 1. 26. 3 sákha ̄ sákhye, cf. 1. 53. 2, 75. 4; 3. 4. 1, etc.;
Y. 62. 8 haxa hasˇe ̄, cf. Vd. 18. 26; Hes. Op. 183 τα4ρο ταρωι; Pind. Nem.- 22 φλοισι γα
ρ φλο $λθ.ν; Aesch. Cho. 89 παραφλη φλωι,
cf. Eum. 999, etc.; Hávamál 42. 1–3vin sínom scal maðr vinr vera, oc gialda
gio ̨f við gio ̨f, ‘a man shall be friend to his friend and repay gift with gift’.
All with all: RV 4. 1. 18 vís ́ve vís ́va ̄su dúriya ̄su deva ̄ ́h
̇
, ‘all the gods in all
houses’; Heraclitus B 41 πα ́ ντα δια` πα ́ ντων, ‘all things through all things’;
Oscan inscr. no. 40. 12 Buck eisunk uhftis sullum sullas‘all the wishes of all of
them’.
Willing with the willing: RV 10. 15. 8 us ́ánn us ́ádbhih
̇;Od. 3. 272 $θλων
$θλουσαν, cf. 5. 155; Aesch. Supp. 144 θλουσα δ’αo θλουσαν; [Aesch.]
Prom. 218 κdν κο ́ ντι.κ.ν is cognate with the Vedic word.
One to another: RV 7. 103. 3 anyó anyám, cf. 2. 18. 2; 3. 33. 2; 10. 97. 14;
Y. 53. 5 anyo ̄ ainı ̄m; Greek Eλλο Eλλου, Latin alius aliud, etc.
Miscellaneous (selection): RV 1. 102. 1 mahó mahı ̄ ́m, ‘of the great (god) a
great one (song)’, cf. 2. 33. 8, 15. 1, etc., beside Il. 16. 776, 18. 26 μγα
μεγαλωστ; RV 1. 173. 2 vr ́
̇s
̇a ̄ vr ́
̇s
̇abhih
̇, ‘the bull with the bulls’; 5. 68. 4 r
̇tám
r
̇
téna, ‘truth with the truth’; Y. 53. 4 asˇ
̇a ̄unı ̄ asˇ
̇avabyo ̄, ‘as a truthful woman
the truthful’; 43. 5 akə ̄ m aka ̄i, vaŋvhı ̄m asˇ
̇̄m vaı ŋhaove ̄, ‘evil for the evil one, a
good reward for the good’; Faliscan vase inscription, no. 152 Pisani (sixth
century) Titias duenom duenas, ‘nice thing of nice Titia’;Hávamál 31. 3 gestr
at gest, ‘guest at guest’, cf. 32. 6; Helgakviða Hundingsbana A 5. 5 hrafn kvað at
hrafni, ‘quoth raven to raven’;Vaf þrúðnismál 33. 4 fótr við fóti, ‘foot with
foot’;Heiðreks gátur 18 (Edd. min. 113, Hervarar saga 10) elr við kván kona,
mær við meyiu mo ̨g of getr, ‘woman begets with woman, girl with girl bears a
son’; ibid. 24 á sat nár á nái, blindr reið blindum, ‘a corpse sat on a corpse, the
blind rode the blind’.
Thefigure is much favoured for the decription of close order or confronta-
tion in battle: Tyrt. 19. 15 α, σπδα ε1κ3κλου α, σπσι τυπτ[, ‘round
shields against shields’;Hildebrandslied 38 ort widar orte, ‘spear-point against
spear-point’;Beowulf 440 la ̄ð wið la ̄ðum, ‘foe against foe’;Maxims B 53 f. fyrd
wið fyrde... la ̄ð wið la ̄ðe, ‘army against army, foe against foe’;Elene 1181
wra ̄ð wið wra ̄ðum, ‘enemy against enemy’;Edd. min. 87. 2. 1 bo ̨rðumk einn
við einn, ‘we fought one to one’, cf. Hervarar saga 3; Vo ̨lundarkviða 27. 3 brast
ro ̨nd við ro ̨nd, ‘shield smashed against shield’.
In this context of urgent action on the battlefield there is a tendency,
common to the Indian epics, Greek and Latin, Old Irish, and Serbo-Croatian
heroic poetry, to pile up a series of polyptota. In two passages of the Iliad this
compound figure is used of a battle line in close order: 13. 130 f. φρα ́ ξαντε(^124) Cf. Schlerath (1968), ii. 160.
114 2. Phrase and Figure