doesn’t play a role, again, because only theℓ= 0 state is totally antisymmetric. Since the shell is
just half full we couple to the the lowestj=|ℓ−s|=^32. So the ground state is^4 S^32.
mℓ e
1 ↑
0 ↑
-1 ↑
s=∑
ms=^32
ℓ=∑
mℓ= 0The chart of nitrogen states is similar to the chart in the last section. Note that the chart method
is clearly easier to use in this case. Our prediction of the ground state is again correct and a few
space symmetric states end up a few eV higher than the ground state.