Minimum viable population size (MVP)
The smallest number of individuals needed to perpetuate a population.
Missense mutation
The most common type of mutation involving a base-pair substitution within a gene that
changes a codon, but the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid.
Mitochondrial matrix
The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing
enzymes and substrates for the Krebs cycle.
Mitochondrion
An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.
Mitosis
A process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into five stages:
prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Mitosis conserves
chromosome number by equally allocating replicated chromosomes to each of the daughter
nuclei.
Modern synthesis
A comprehensive theory of evolution emphasizing natural selection, gradualism, and
populations as the fundamental units of evolutionary change; also called neo-Darwinism.
Molars
A large back tooth specialized for crushing and chewing food.
Molarity
A common measure of solute concentration, referring to the number of moles of solute in 1
L of solution.
Mold
A rapidly growing, asexually reproducing fungus.
Mole
The number of grams of a substance that equals its molecular weight in daltons and
contains Avogadro's number of molecules.
Molecular formula
A type of molecular notation indicating only the quantity of the constituent atoms.
Molecular weight
The sum of the atomic weights of the constituent atoms in a molecule.
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