Cyclostomata
A subclass comprising the simplest and most primitive of living vertebrates characterized by
the absence of jaws and the presence of a single median nostril and an uncalcified
cartilaginous skeleton.
Cymose
Having a usually flat-topped flower cluster in which the main and branch stems each end in
a flower that opens before those below it or to its side.
Cystolith
Cystolith is a botanical term for the inorganic concertions, usually of calcium carbonate,
formed in a cellulose matrix in special cells, generally in the leaf of plants of certain families.
E.g. ficus elastic, the Indian rubber plant.
Cytochrome
An iron-containing protein, a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and
chloroplasts.
Cytokines
In the vertebrate immune system, protein factors secreted by macrophages and helper T
cells as regulators of neighboring cells.
Cytokinesis
The division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells immediately after mitosis.
Cytokinin
A class of related plant hormones that retard aging and act in concert with auxins to
stimulate cell division, influence the pathway of differentiation, and control apical
dominance.
Cytoplasm
The entire contents of the cell, exclusive of the nucleus, and bounded by the plasma
membrane.
Cytoplasmic determinants
In animal development, substances deposited by the mother in the eggs she produces that
regulate the expression of genes affecting the early development of the embryo.
Cytoplasmic streaming
A circular flow of cytoplasm, involving myosin and actin filaments, that speeds the
distribution of materials within cells.
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