Microeconomics,, 16th Canadian Edition

2 These data are in nominal dollars, which naturally grow over time along with real GDP and the
price level. As a share of GDP, however, Canadian trade with the United States has also grown
substantially. In 1988, exports and imports of goods (excluding services) with the United States
were each roughly 13 percent of Canadian GDP; by 2017, they were each about 18 percent of
Canadian GDP.