Food Biochemistry and Food Processing (2 edition)

BLBS102-c21 BLBS102-Simpson March 21, 2012 13:39 Trim: 276mm X 219mm Printer Name: Yet to Come

Table 21.2.

(Continued

)

Pretreatments

Raw Materials

Non-Collageneous Matter

Removal

Swelling

Extraction

Yield (On Wet

Basis)

Bloom/GelStrength

References

Shortfin scad skin

(Decapterusmacrosoma

)

0.2% (w/v) NaOH for 2 h 0.2% (w/v) h

SO 2

4

for 2 h,

followed by 1.0% (w/v)citric acid for 2 h

Water at 40–50

◦C

for 12 h

7.25%

177 g

Cheow et al. (2007)

Sin croaker skin

(Johnius dussumieri

)

0.2% (w/v) NaOH for 2 h 0.2% (w/v) h

SO 2

4

for 2 h,

followed by 1.0% (w/v)citric acid for 2 h

Water at 40–50

◦C

for 12 h

14.3%

125 g

Cheow et al. (2007)

Yellowfin tuna skin

(Thunnus albacares

)

1.89% (w/v) NaOH at

10

◦C for 2.87 days

None

Water at 58.15

◦Cfor

4.72 h

89.7%

b

426 kPa

Cho et al. (2005)

Shark cartilage (

Isurus

oxyrinchus

)

1.6 N NaOH at 8

◦Cfor

3.14 days

None

Water at 65

◦Cfor

3.4 h

17.34%

111.9 kPa

Cho et al. (2004)

Pollock skin

0.25 M Ca(OH)

2

at 2

◦C

for 2 h

0.09 M acetic acid at at

◦ 2

C for 45 min

Water at 50

◦Cfor

180 min

18%

c

460 g

Zhou and

Regenstein(2004)

Nile perch (adult) bone

(Lates niloticus

)

3% HCl at 20–25

◦Cfor

9–12 h

None

Four-step extractions

with water at 50

◦C, 60

◦C, 70

◦C

and 100

◦C,

respectively, for5 h each step

2.4%

134 g (50

◦C)

151 g (60

◦C)

160 g (70

◦C)

Muyonga et al.

(2004)

Nile perch (adult) skin

(L. niloticus

)

0.01 M h

SO 2

4

at 20–25

◦C

for 16 h

None

Four step-extractions

with water at 50

◦C, 60

◦C, 70

◦C

and 100

◦C,

respectively, for5 h each step

16%

229 g (50

◦C)

175 g (60

◦C)

134 g (70

◦C)

Muyonga et al.

(2004)

Red tilapia skin

(Oreochromisnilotica

)

0.2% (w/v) NaOH for

40 min

0.2% (w/v) h

SO 2

, 4

followed by 1.0% (w/v)citric acid

Water at 45

◦Cfor

12 h

7.81%

128 g

Jamilah and

Harvinder (2002)

Black tilapia skin

(Oreochromismossambicus

)

0.2% (w/v) NaOH for

40 min

0.2% (w/v) h

SO 2

, 4

followed by 1.0% (w/v)citric acid

Water at 45

◦Cfor

12 h

5.39%

181 g

Jamilah and

Harvinder (2002)

Megrim skin

(Lepidorhombusboscii

)

0.2 N NaOH at 5

◦Cfor

90 min

0.05 N acetic acid at room

temperature for 3 h

Water at 45

◦Cfor

12 h

10.0%

360 g

Montero

and g

́omez-

Guill

́en

(2000)

aBased on dry weight.bBased on hydroxyproline content of the gelatin in comparison with that in the skin.cBased on protein content of the gelatin in comparison with wet weight of raw material.

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