Saylor URL: http://www.saylor.org/books Saylor.org
[14] Schachter, S., & Singer, J. E. (1962). Cognitive, social and physiological determinants of emotional state. Psychological
Review, 69, 379–399.
[15] Schachter, S., & Singer, J. E. (1962). Cognitive, social and physiological determinants of emotional state. Psychological
Review, 69, 379–399.
[16] Ambady, N., & Weisbuch, M. (2010). Nonverbal behavior. In S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of social
psychology (5th ed., Vol. 1, pp. 464–497). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons; Andersen, P. (2007). Nonverbal communication:
Forms and functions(2nd ed.). Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press.
[17] Strack, F., Martin, L., & Stepper, S. (1988). Inhibiting and facilitating conditions of the human smile: A nonobtrusive test of
the facial feedback hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(5), 768–777. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.5.768
[18] Stepper, S., & Strack, F. (1993). Proprioceptive determinants of emotional and nonemotional feelings. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 64(2), 211–220.
10.2 Stress: The Unseen Killer
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
- Define stress and review the body’s physiological responses to it.
- Summarize the negative health consequences of prolonged stress.
- Explain the differences in how people respond to stress.
- Review the methods that are successful in coping with stress.
Emotions matter because they influence our behavior. And there is no emotional experience that
has a more powerful influence on us than stress.Stress refers to the physiological responses that
occur when an organism fails to respond appropriately to emotional or physical threats (Selye,
1956). [1]Extreme negative events, such as being the victim of a terrorist attack, a natural disaster,
or a violent crime, may produce an extreme form of stress known
asposttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a medical syndrome that includes symptoms of anxiety,
sleeplessness, nightmares, and social withdrawal. PTSD is frequently experienced by soldiers
who return home from wars, with those who have experienced more extreme events during the
war also experiencing more PTSD.
When it is extreme or prolonged, stress can create substantial health problems. Survivors of
hurricane Katrina had three times the rate of heart attacks than the national average in the years