88
12
5
4
3
1 species
a
b
>7000 species
}
}
Oligosoma zelandicumOligosoma striatum
Oligosoma homalontumOligosoma mocoOligosoma smithi
Oligosoma microlepsisOligosoma lichenigera
Oligosoma suteri
Oligosoma levidensumOligosoma hardyiOligosoma aenum
Oligosoma waimatenseOligosoma otagense
Oligosoma taumakaeOligosoma acrinasumOligosoma infrapunctatum
Oligosoma pikitanga
Oligosoma inconspicuum
Oligosoma ornatumOligosoma oliveri
Oligosoma whitakeriOligosoma townsi
Oligosoma maccanni
Oligosoma nigriplantare polychromaOligosoma nigriplantare nigriplantare
Oligosoma lineocellatum
Oligosoma chloronoton
Oligosoma notosaurus
Oligosoma longipes
Oligosoma grande
Sphenodon punctatus
Tukutuku rakiurae
N
N
N
NN
NN
N
N
Torupuku stephensiHoplodactylus duvaucelii
Woodworthia brunneusWoodworthia “Cromwell Gorge”
Woodworthia “Central Otago”
Woodworthia “Southern Alps”
Woodworthia “Otago/Southland”
Woodworthia maculatus
Woodworthia “Marlborough Mini”
Woodworthia “Mt. Arthur”
Woodworthia “Kaikouras”
Woodworthia “Southern Mini”
Woodworthia “Pygmy”
Dactylocnemis pacificusDactylocnemis “Matapia”
Dactylocnemis “Three Kings”Dactylocnemis “North Cape”
Dactylocnemis “Mokohinaus”Dactylocnemis “Poor Knights”
Mokopirirakau “Southern North Island”
Mokopirirakau kahutaraeMokopirirakau granulatus
Mokopirirakau “Cascades”
Mokopirirakau “Open Bay Islands”
Mokopirirakau “Roy’s Peak”
Mokopirirakau “Okarito”
Mokopirirakau nebulosusMokopirirakau cryptozoicus
Fig. 3 a Cladogram of Lepidosauria ( grey box outline ) and related lineages 1. Rhynchocephalia ;
2. Lizards; 3. Snakes; 4. Crocodiles; 5. Birds. b Phylogenetic tree for all New Zealand Lepidosauria
inferred using Maximum Likelihood analysis of mtDNA ND2 sequences from Genbank with GTR
model (RAxML- Stamatakis 2006 ) comprising the single extant species of Rhynchocephalia (Hay
et al. 2009 ), ~36 species of gecko (Nielsen et al. 2011 ), and ~40 species of skink (Chapple et al.
2009 ). The grey fi lled box indicates the region of the tree that provides no phylogenetic or biogeo-
graphic information about the lineages
S.A. Trewick and M. Morgan-Richards