CHAPTER 18 DEVELOPMENTAL CONCEPTS 97
Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing:8.According to Piaget, the use of abstract think-
ing and deductive reasoning occurs during
which of the following stages of development?
a.Sensorimotor stage
b.Preoperational stage
c.Concrete operational stage
d.Formal operational stage
9.Which of the following theorists developed
the theory that males and females have differ-
ent ways of dealing with moral issues?
a.Lawrence Kohlberg
b.Jean Piaget
c.James Fowler
d.Carol GilliganALTERNATE-FORMAT QUESTIONS
Multiple Response Questions
Circle the letters that correspond to the best
answers for each question.
1.Which of the following generalizations about
growth and development are accurate? (Select
all that apply.)
a.Growth and development do not occur in a
specific order or sequence.
b.Growth and development follow irregular
and unpredictable trends.
c.Growth and development are differentiated
and integrated.
d.Different aspects of growth and development
cannot be modified.
e.Within each developmental level, certain
milestones can be identified.
f.Cephalocaudal development is the first
trend in growth and development.
2.Which of the following statements regarding
the effects of environment and nutrition devel-
opment are accurate? (Select all that apply.)
a.Infants who are malnourished in utero
develop the same amount of brain cells as
infants who had adequate prenatal nutrition.
b.Substance abuse by a pregnant woman
increases the risk for congenital anomalies
in her developing fetus.
c.Failure to thrive cannot be linked to
emotional deprivation.
d.Abuse of alcohol and drugs is more prevalent
in teenagers who have poor family relation-
ships.e.An increased incidence of teenage
pregnancy can be linked to substance
abuse by adolescents.
f.Child abuse can lead to deficits in physical
development, but psychosocial development
is not affected.
3.Which of the following are components of
Freud’s theory of psychoanalytic development?
(Select all that apply.)
a.Ego
b.Id
c.Yin and yang
d.Altered consciousness
e.Superego
f.Conscious mind
4.Which of the following concepts are
components of Erikson’s theory of
psychosocial development? (Select all that
apply.)
a.Cognitive development
b.Psychosexual stages
c.Developmental goals or tasks
d.Psychosocial crises
e.The process of coping
f.Spiritual growth
5.Which of the following concepts accurately
describe the developmental stages and
concepts of Kohlberg’s theory of moral devel-
opment? (Select all that apply.)
a.The preconventional level is based on
external control as the child learns to con-
form to rules imposed by authority figures.
b.The postconventional level involves identi-
fying with significant others and conform-
ing to their expectations.
c.Few adults ever reach stage 6 of the
postconventional level.
d.Males and females have different ways of
looking at the world.
e.In the preconventional level, moral
judgment is based on shared norms and
expectations, and societal values are
adopted.
f.In stage 1 of the preconventional level,
punishment and obedience orientation,
the motivation for choices of action is fear
or physical consequences of authority’s
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