Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing The Art and Science of Nursing Care

2. The skills necessary to use the nursing process
   successfully include intellectual, technical, inter-
   personal, and ethical/legal skills, as well as the
   willingness to use these skills creatively when
   working with patients.
   4.Sample answers:
   a.Systematic: Each nursing task is a part of an
   ordered sequence of activities, and each activity
   depends on the accuracy of the activity that pre-
   cedes it and influences the actions that follow it.
   b.Dynamic: There is great interaction and
   overlapping among the five steps; no one step
   in the process is a one-time phenomenon; each
   step is fluid and flows into the next step.
   c. Interpersonal: The human being is always at
   the heart of nursing. The nursing process
   ensures that nurses are patient centered rather
   than task centered.
   d.Goal oriented: The nursing process offers a
   means for nurses and patients to work together
   to identify specific goals related to wellness pro-
   motion, disease and illness prevention, health
   restoration, and coping with altered functioning
   that are most important to the patient and
   match them with appropriate nursing actions.
   e.Universally applicable: Once nurses have a
   working knowledge of the nursing process, they
   can apply it to well or ill patients, young or old
   patients, in any type of practice setting.


3. a.Purpose of thinking: This helps to discipline
   thinking by keeping all thoughts directed to
   the goal.
   b.Adequacy of knowledge: It is important to
   judge whether the knowledge available to
   you is accurate, complete, and relevant. If you
   reason with false information or lack important
   data, it is impossible to draw a sound
   conclusion.
   c. Potential problems: As you become more skilled
   in critical thinking, you will learn to “flag” or
   remedy pitfalls to sound reasoning.
   d.Helpful resources: Wise professionals are quick
   to recognize their limits and seek help in reme-
   dying their deficiencies.
   e.Critique of judgment/decision: Ultimately,
   you must identify alternative judgments or
   decisions, weigh their merits, and reach a
   conclusion.
   6.Sample answers:
   a.Practice a necessary skill until you feel
   confident in its execution before performing it
   on a patient.
   b.Take time to familiarize yourself with new equip-
   ment before using it in a clinical procedure.
   c. Identify nurses who are technical experts and
   ask them to share their secrets.
   d.Never be ashamed to seek assistance if you feel
   unsure of how to perform a procedure or man-
   age equipment.

Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing:

340 ANSWER KEY

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DEVELOPING YOUR KNOWLEDGE BASE

FILL-IN-THE-BLANKS

1.Standards of practice

2.Implementing

3.Concept mapping

4.Whistle-blower

5.Medical diagnosis, nursing diagnosis, all pertinent

clinical data

MATCHING EXERCISES

1.a 2.d 3.e 4.b 5.c

6.a 7.e 8.b 9.c 10.e

11.d 12.a 13.c 14.b 15.d

16.a 17.d 18.b 19.a 20.c

21.b 22.d

SHORT ANSWER

1.Patient:

a.Scientifically based, holistic, individualized care

b.The opportunity to work collaboratively with

nurses

c. Continuity of care

Nursing:

a.Achievement of a clear and efficient plan of

action by which the entire nursing team can

achieve results for patients

b.Satisfaction that the nurse is making an impor-

tant difference in the lives of patients

c. Opportunity to grow professionally when eval-

uating the effectiveness of interventions and

variables that contribute positively or

negatively to the patient’s goal achievement

2. a.Determining the need for nursing care: The
   nursing process provides a framework that
   enables the nurse to systematically collect
   patient data and clearly identify patient
   strengths and problems.
   b.Planning and implementing the care: The nurs-
   ing process helps the nurse and patient develop
   a holistic plan of individualized care that speci-
   fies both the desired patient goals and the nurs-
   ing actions most likely to assist the patient to
   meet those goals and execute the plan of care.
   c. Evaluating the results of the nursing care: The
   nursing process provides for evaluation of the
   plan of care in terms of patient goal
   achievement.
   3.The nursing process is a systematic, patient-
   centered, goal-oriented method of caring that pro-
   vides a framework for nursing practice.
   The goals of the nursing process are to help the
   nurse manage each patient’s care scientifically,
   holistically, and creatively to promote wellness,
   prevent disease or illness, restore health, and facili-
   tate coping with altered functioning.

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