Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing The Art and Science of Nursing Care

DEVELOPING YOUR KNOWLEDGE BASE

MATCHING EXERCISES

1.b 2.c 3.a 4.a 5.d

6.c 7.b 8.d 9.a 10.c

11.a 12.d 13.b 14.c 15.a

16.b 17.a 18.d 19.c 20.c

21.f 22.p 23.b 24.o 25.l

26.h 27.a 28.d 29.e 30.j

31.m 32.n 33.g 34.k

CORRECT THE FALSE STATEMENTS

1.True

2.False—electrolytes

3.False—hypotonic solution

4.True

5.False—hydrogen

6.False—alkali

7.False—alkaline

8.False—lungs

9.True

10.False—hypernatremia

11.False—disproportionate

12.True

SHORT ANSWER

1. a.Osmosis: The solvent water passes from an area
   of lesser solute concentration to an area of
   greater solute concentration until an
   equilibrium is established.
   b.Diffusion: The tendency of solutes to move
   freely throughout a solvent. The solute moves
   from an area of higher concentration to an area
   of lower concentration until an equilibrium is
   established.
   c. Active transport: A process that requires energy
   for the movement of substances through a cell
   membrane from an area of lesser concentration
   to an area of higher concentration.


2. a.Ingested liquids: Fluid intake is regulated by the
   thirst mechanism and is stimulated by intracel-
   lular dehydration and decreased blood volume.
   b.Food: The amount of water depends on the
   food (e.g., melons have a higher water content
   than bread).
   c. Metabolic oxidation: Water is an end product of
   oxidation that occurs during the metabolism of
   food.
   3.Water is lost:
   a.through the kidneys as urine
   b.through the skin as perspiration
   c. through insensible water loss


3. a.Kidneys: Approximately 170 L of plasma is
   filtered daily in the adult, while only 1.5 L of
   urine is excreted. They selectively retain
   electrolytes and water and excrete wastes.

Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing:

ANSWER KEY 407

Hot Spot Questions

1.See figure below for PICC placement.

2.See figure below for triple-lumen nontunneled

percutaneous central venous catheter placement.

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