blood flow and bringing increased white blood
cells to the area; blood flow returns to normal.
b.Exudate is released from the wound; amount
depends on size, location, and severity of wound.
c. Damaged cells are repaired by either
regeneration or formation of scar tissue.- a.Severity and duration of the stressor
b.Previous health of the person
c. Immediacy and effectiveness of healthcare
interventions - a.Mild anxiety: Present in day-to-day living;
increases alertness and perceptual fields and
motivates learning and growth
b.Moderate anxiety: Narrows a person’s
perceptual fields so that the focus is on immedi-
ate concerns, with inattention to other details
c. Severe anxiety: Creates a very narrow focus on
specific detail; causes all behavior to be geared
toward relief
d.Panic: Causes the person to lose control and
experience dread and terror; characterized by
increased physical activity, distorted perceptions
and relations, and loss of rational thought
5.Answers will vary with student’s experiences.
6.Sample answers:
a.Stressors in health facilitate normal growth and
development.
b.Fear of developing cardiovascular disease can
motivate a person to exercise regularly.
c. Fear of failure in business can motivate a person
to attend classes.
7.Sample answers:
a.Developmental stress: An infant learns that his
hunger will be taken care of in a timely
manner; a school-aged child learns the rewards
of studying; an elderly man accepts the limita-
tions of age on his social life.
b.Situational stress: A child contracts a life-threat-
ening illness; a spouse loses her job; a spouse
asks for a divorce.
8.Sample answers:
a.“It must have been frightening being in an
automobile accident.”
b.“I notice that you seem distracted; would you
care to talk about it?”
9.Sample answers:
Confront the mother in an understanding manner
and question her about her daily schedule and
ability to do all the things necessary to take care of
her family. Refer the mother to outside agencies
(e.g., daycare programs), supportive friends and
family members, or resources for hired help to give
her a break from her responsibilities. Help the
mother arrange her daily care to schedule some
time for herself, if possible. - a.Exercise: The benefits of exercise include an
improved musculoskeletal system, more
effective cardiovascular function, weight
control, and relaxation. It improves one’s sense
of well-being, relieves tension, and enables one
to cope with life better.
b.Rest and sleep: Allows the body to maintain
homeostasis and restore energy levels; provides
insulation against stress
c. Nutrition: Plays an active role in maintaining
the body’s homeostatic mechanisms and in
increasing resistance to stress- a.Identify the problem.
b.List alternatives.
c. Choose from among the alternatives.
d.Implement a plan.
e.Evaluate the outcome. - a.Age affects the ability to adapt.
b.Nutrition affects stress levels.
c. Sleep affects stress levels.
d.Social factors and life events affect stress level. - a.Provide social support.
b.Provide emotional and physical support.
c. Help with problem-solving and teaching–
learning activities.
APPLYING YOUR KNOWLEDGE
REFLECTIVE PRACTICE USING CRITICAL
THINKING SKILLS
Sample Answers
1.What might be the cause of the flare-up of Ms.
Rogerrios’s inflammatory bowel disease? What nurs-
ing interventions would be beneficial for this patient?
The stress of having to return to work for financial
reasons following a 15-year absence may have exac-
erbated Ms. Rogerrio’s inflammatory bowel disease.
The nurse could teach Ms. Rogerrio coping mecha-
nisms to minimize this effect of stress. Examples of
interventions appropriate for this patient include
patient teaching regarding meditation and/or relax-
ation techniques, and maintaining a proper diet
and exercise program.
2.What would be a successful outcome for this
patient?
By next visit, Ms. Rogerrio lists three benefits of
using stress-reduction strategies and their effect on
relieving diarrhea related to her inflammatory
bowel disease.
3.What intellectual, technical, interpersonal, and/or
ethical/legal competencies are most likely to bring
about the desired outcome?
Intellectual: knowledge about the physiologic and
psychological responses to stress
Interpersonal: strong interpersonal skills to establish
a trusting relationship with a woman returning to
the workforce; ability to assist patients to develop
positive coping mechanisms to deal with stress
Ethical/Legal: familiarity with agency policy and
role responsibilities related to stress management
4.What resources might be helpful for Ms. Rogerrio?
Exercise classes, printed or AV materials on stress-
reduction techniques.Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing:ANSWER KEY 413
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