Forest Products, Livelihoods and Conservation

330 Sport hunting of elephant in Zimbabwe: a case study of Kanyurira Ward in Guruve district

of the CAMPFIRE programme to the subdistrict level should result in

communities receiving 80% of total earnings from wildlife management.

Despite this change, there is a need to recognise the limitations of what

programmes such as CAMPFIRE can deliver. Given the low labour and

technological intensity of managing wildlife, there is only limited scope for

increased production and employment opportunities based on utilising the

wildlife resource. Moreover, there is a strong demand for agricultural land in

the communal areas that enables households to earn and control incomes on

which their livelihoods depend. This demand for agricultural land has fostered

a persistent migration into the mid-Zambezi Valley. The subsequent loss of

wildlife habitat continues to cast a shadow over the future of sport hunting

and those who benefit from it.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We would like to thank Brian Belcher, Manuel Ruiz-Pérez and Bruce Campbell

for inviting us to participate in the Center for International Forestry Research’s

international comparison of cases of forest product development. We also

appreciated the support provided by Ousseynou Ndoye and Irdez Azhar. Valuable

comments on the earlier draft were received from Phosiso Sola, Russell Taylor,

Bruce Campbell and Lillian Dimbi-Goredema. We are also grateful to Bill Bedford

of Ingwe Safaris, Sally Bown of the Zimbabwe Association of Tour and Safari

Operators and members of Kanyurira Ward Wildlife Committee who provided

us with essential information

ENDNOTES

1. Shanduko: Centre for Agrarian and Environmental Research,
   195 Fife Avenue, Harare, Zimbabwe. E-mail: [email protected]


2. World Wide Fund for Nature (Southern Africa Region Programme Office),
   Almond Tree Cottage, Long Wittenham Road, North Moreton, Nr Didcot, Oxon
   OX11 9AZ, United Kingdom. E-mail: [email protected]

REFERENCES

Bond, I. 1994. The importance of sport-hunted African elephants to CAMPFIRE

in Zimbabwe. Traffic 14(3): 117-119.

Bond, I. 1996. Immigration and loss of wildland in CAMPFIRE districts: an

economic perspective. CAMPFIRE Newsletter 14: 7-8.

Bond, I. 1999. CAMPFIRE as a vehicle for sustainable rural development in the

semi-arid communal lands of Zimbabwe: incentives for institutional change.

Ph.D. Thesis, University of Zimbabwe. 289p.

Bond, I. 2001. CAMPFIRE and the incentives for institutional change. In: Hulme,

D. and Murphree, M. (eds.) African wildlife & livelihoods: the promise and

performance of community conservation, 227-243. James Curry, London.

Cutshall, C.R. 1989. Masoka/Kanyurira Ward: a socio-economic baseline survey

of community households. Center for Applied Social Sciences. University

of Zimbabwe, Harare. 37p.

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