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  • ACCOMPLICE LIABILITY TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTS

    • I. STATUTORY BASIS

    • II. DEFINITION

    • III. “MERE PRESENCE”

    • IV. AIDING AND ABETTING

    • V. RELATIONSHIP TO CAPITAL MURDER

    • VI. POSSESSION

    • VII. JURY INSTRUCTIONS

      • A. Generally

      • B. Distinguishing Principle From Accomplice



          1. Error Found





          1. No Error Found





      • C. Model Jury Charge On Accomplice Liability

      • D. The “Accomplice Rule”



    • VIII. SENTENCING

      • A. Graves Act - Liability Of Unarmed Accomplice

      • B. “No Early Release Act”





  • ALIBI

    • I. GENERALLY

    • II. BURDEN OF PROOF

    • III. NOTICE OF ALIBI

      • A. Requirement to Provide Notice

      • B. Failure to Provide Notice



    • IV. CROSS-EXAMINATION

      • A. Failure to Inform the State of Alibi

      • B. Use of Prior Inconsistent Statement



    • V. EVIDENCE

    • VI. JURY INSTRUCTIONS

    • VII. BIFURCATED TRIAL



  • ANTITRUST...................................................................................................................................................

    • I. STATUTORY PROVISIONS

    • II. CRIMINAL CASES

    • III. CIVIL CASES



  • APPEALS (See also, COURTS, DOUBLE JEOPARDY this Digest)

    • I. INTRODUCTION

      • A. Right to Appeal

      • B. Procedural Aspects

      • C. Record on Appeal



    • D. Briefs on Appeal iv



  • II. APPEALS AS OF RIGHT

    • A. Appeals to the Appellate Division

    • B. Appeals to the Supreme Court



  • III. APPEALS TO THE SUPREME COURT BY CERTIFICATION

  • IV. INTERLOCUTORY APPEALS

    • A. To the Appellate Division

    • B. To the Supreme Court



  • V. TIME TO APPEAL

  • VI. APPEALS BY DEFENDANTS

  • VII. APPEALS BY THE STATE

    • A. Dismissal of Indictment, Accusation or Complaint

    • B. Appeal from Judgment of Acquittal

    • C. Appeal from the Grant of New Trial

    • D. Appeal from Sentence



  • VIII. STAYS PENDING APPEAL

  • IX. STANDARDS OF REVIEW ON APPEAL

    • A. Reasons for Decision

    • B. Constitutional Issue

    • C. Plain Error and Harmless Error

    • D. Fact Findings By The Trial Court

      • Findings Were Wrong. E. Reviewing Actions of Appellate Division Passing on A Claim That Trial Court’s Fact



    • F. Motion for New Trial - Weight of the Evidence

    • G. Denial of Motion for Judgment of Acquittal

    • F. Guilty Pleas

    • G. Waiver by Guilty Plea



  • SEIZURE, SELF-DEFENSE, this Digest)................................................................................................ ARREST (See also, ESCAPE, OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE, RESISTING ARREST, SEARCH and

  • I. DEFINITIONS

  • II. PROBABLE CAUSE FOR ARREST

  • III. WARRANTLESS ARRESTS BY POLICE OFFICERS

    • A. Adults

    • B. Juveniles (See also, JUVENILES, this Digest)

    • C. Nature and Source of Information



  • IV. WARRANTLESS ARRESTS BY PRIVATE CITIZENS

  • V. PROCEDURE AFTER A WARRANTLESS ARREST

  • VI. ARRESTS WITH WARRANTS

    • A. Who May Issue

    • B. Form and Content of Warrant

      • C. Execution v



    • VII. GEOGRAPHICAL LIMITATIONS ON ARRESTS

      • A. Warrantless Arrests

      • B. Execution of Arrest Warrants

      • C. Port Authority Police



    • VIII. ARREST AND DWELLINGS

    • IX. DETENTION ON LESS THAN PROBABLE CAUSE

      • A. Stop and Frisk

      • B. Motor Vehicle Stop

      • C. Investigatory Detention



          1. Police Station





          1. On-The-Street...........................................................................................................................





          1. Airports





          1. Dwellings...................................................................................................................................





          1. R. 3:5A Investigative Detention





          1. Motor Vehicles





      • ARREST, this Digest) X. RESISTING ARREST (See also, OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE and RESISTING



    • XI. USE OF FORCE IN MAKING ARREST (See also, POLICE and DEFENSES, this Digest)



  • ARSON, CAUSING OR RISKING WIDESPREAD INJURY OR DAMAGE, CRIMINAL MISCHIEF

    • I. ARSON: SCOPE OF THE OFFENSE .................................................................................................

    • II. EVIDENCE

    • III. DEFENSES

    • IV. SEARCH

    • V. MERGER

    • VI. DOUBLE JEOPARDY

      • (See also, ENVIRONMENTAL PROSECUTIONS, this Digest) VII. CAUSING OR RISKING WIDESPREAD INJURY OR DAMAGE



    • VIII. CRIMINAL MISCHIEF

      • A. Scope of the Offense. N.J.S.A. 2C:17-3.

      • B. Evidence

      • C. Severance of the Indictment

      • D. Double Jeopardy (See also, DOUBLE JEOPARDY, this Digest)



    • IX. TRAFFIC SIGN ALTERATION

    • X. MOTOR VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION ALTERATION

    • XI. DAMAGE TO NUCLEAR PLANTS



  • ASSAULT (For sexual assaults, see SEX OFFENSES, this Digest)

    • I. INTRODUCTION

    • II. TYPES OF ASSAULT AND THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS

      • A. Simple Assault (N.J.S.A. 2C:12-1a(1)-(3))

      • B. Aggravated Assault (N.J.S.A. 2C:12-1b) vi

      • WITH OTHER CRIMES (See also, MERGER, this Digest) III. LESSER INCLUDED OFFENSES, MERGER AND INTERRELATIONSHIP

      • A. Merger

      • B. Included Offenses



    • IV. DEFENSES (See also, DEFENSES, this Digest)

      • A. In General

      • B. Intoxication

      • C. Consent

      • D. Defense of Premises or Personal Property

      • E. Self Defense: N.J.S.A. 2C:3-4a and b (See also, SELF DEFENSE, this Digest)





  • ATTEMPT (See also, COMPLICITY, CONSPIRACY, this Digest)

    • I. INTRODUCTION

    • II. REQUIRED MENTAL STATE

    • III. DEFINITION

      • A. Generally

      • B. Preparation Distinguished From Attempt



    • IV. SUBSTANTIAL STEP

    • V. INDICTMENT

    • VI. RENUNCIATION OF CRIMINAL PURPOSE, N.J.S.A. 2C:5-1d

    • VII. DEFENSES

    • VIII. SENTENCING

    • IX. SCOPE OF APPELLATE REVIEW



  • ATTORNEYS (See R.P.C. 1.1 et seq., and R. 1:14.)

    • I. FORMER PROSECUTOR OR COUNTY OFFICIAL - CONFLICT OF INTEREST

    • II. DEFENSE COUNSEL - CONFLICT OF INTEREST

    • III. FIRST AMENDMENT - COMMENTS BY ATTORNEYS ON PENDING CASE

    • IV. PRIVILEGE

    • V. PRO HAC VICE

    • VI. CONTEMPT/DISCIPLINARY ACTION

    • VII. HYBRID REPRESENTATION

    • VIII. INTERVIEWING JURORS AFTER TRIAL



  • BAIL...............................................................................................................................................................

    • I. BEFORE CONVICTION

      • A. Sources



          1. N.J. Const. 1947, Art.I, ¶ 11.





          1. R. 3:26-1(a).





      • B. Standards for Fixing Bail

      • C. Sources of Information in Bail Hearing

      • D. Ten Percent Cash Deposit Program. R. 3:26-4(a)



        1. Standards vii





        1. Reduction of Bail.





        1. Effect of Revocation of Bail.





        1. Cash Deposit, R. 3:26-4(f ).





    • E. Crimes Punishable By Death. R. 3:26-1(a).



        1. Prior Case Law





        1. Title 2A Death Penalty Overturned





        1. Legislative Re-enactment of the Death Penalty in Title 2C.





        1. Evidence Admissible at Capital Bail Hearing



      • Another Offense. F. Detention Without Bail for Persons Under Probation or Suspended Sentence for



        1. N.J.S.A. 2C:45-3a(3) provides:





        1. Standard





    • G. Forfeiture of Bail



        1. R. 3:26-6(b) provides





        1. Burden of Proof





        1. Standard of Review







  • II. BAIL PENDING APPEAL

    • A. Rules of Court Governing



        1. Procedure To Be Followed





        1. Standards To Be Followed





        1. Burden of Proof





        1. Stay of Sentence





        1. Obligation of Surety





        1. Bail Pending Resentencing Hearing





        1. Revocation of Bail Pending Appeal.





    • (See also, HABEAS CORPUS, this Digest) III. ENLARGEMENT UPON RECOGNIZANCE (pending Petition for Habeas Corpus)

    • A. Rules of Court Governing

    • B. Authority of Federal Courts to Grant

    • this Digest)........................................................................................................................................... CRIMINAL EXTRADITION LAW, N.J.S.A. 2A:160-6 et seq. (See also, EXTRADITION,



  • V. OTHER BAIL-RELATED ISSUES

    • A. Bail Jumping.



        1. Bail Jumping as an Offense under N.J.S.A. 2C:29-7





        1. Federal Cases





    • B. Bail and Jail Credits. R. 3:21-8

    • C. Bail Reform Act. 18 U.S.C.A. §§ 3141-50



  • BIAS CRIMES viii

    • I. EXTENDED TERM SENTENCING

      • A. Statutory Provision N.J.S.A. 2C:44-3

      • B. Constitutionality



    • II. HARASSMENT

      • A. Statutory Provision N.J.S.A. 2C:33-4d

      • B. Constitutionality:



    • III. ASSAULT

      • A. Statutory Provision

      • B. Severance





  • BIGAMY

    • I. STATUTORY BASIS

    • II. JURISDICTION

    • III. REASONABLE BELIEF IN ELIGIBILITY TO MARRY

    • IV. ACTOR BELIEVES THE PRIOR SPOUSE IS DEAD

    • V. EVIDENCE



  • BILLS OF ATTAINDER

    • I. SOURCES

    • II. DEFINITION

    • III. HISTORY

    • IV. EXAMPLES

      • A. Laws Struck as Bills of Attainder

      • B. Laws Not Bills of Attainder



    • MISCONDUCT IN OFFICE; THEFT; PERJURY AND FALSIFICATION, this Digest) BRIBERY AND CORRUPT INFLUENCES (See also, FRAUD (COMMERCIAL BRIBERY);

    • I. BRIBERY (N.J.S.A. 2C:27-2)

      • A. Elements

      • B. Definitions and Related Issues

        • Agreeing to Accept. 1. Offering or Conferring or Agreeing to Confer, Soliciting, Accepting, or



          1. “Benefit” means





          1. “Benefit as consideration” means





          1. Party official; public servant





      • C. Statutorily Proscribed Defenses



          1. Inability of Bribee to Act





          1. Extortion and Coercion





      • D. Evidential Questions

      • E. Civil Remedies

      • F. Collateral Liabilities Imposed Upon Those Who Commit Bribery



          1. Judges





          1. Professional Planners ix





          1. Lawyers





          1. Government Contractors





      • G. Grading

      • (N.J.S.A. 2C:27-3)............................................................................................................................... II. THREATS AND IMPROPER INFLUENCES IN OFFICIAL AND POLITICAL MATTERS

      • A. Elements

      • B. Definitions



          1. “Harm” means:





      • C. Statutorily Proscribed Defenses

      • D. Grading



    • III. COMPENSATION FOR PAST OFFICIAL BEHAVIOR (N.J.S.A. 2C:27-4)

    • IV. RETALIATION FOR PAST OFFICIAL ACTION (N.J.S.A. 2C:27-5)

    • V. GIFTS TO PUBLIC SERVANTS (N.J.S.A. 2C:27-6)

      • A. Elements

      • B. Grading

      • C. Benefit

      • IN RELATION TO MATTERS BEFORE HIM (N.J.S.A. 2C:27-7) VI. COMPENSATING PUBLIC SERVANT FOR ASSISTING PRIVATE INTERESTS

      • (N.J.S.A. 2C:27-9)............................................................................................................................... VII. PUBLIC SERVANT TRANSACTING BUSINESS WITH CERTAIN PERSONS

      • A. Elements

      • B. Applies to ownership interests greater than one percent

      • C. Need for special effect on public servant

      • D. Grading





  • BURGLARY AND BURGLAR’S TOOLS

    • I. SCOPE OF THE OFFENSE

    • II. PRE-TRIAL PROCEDURES

      • A. Consolidation of Indictments

      • B. Consolidation of Offenses



    • III. TRIAL

      • A. Evidence

      • B. Lesser Included Offense

      • C. Jury Instructions/Charges



    • IV. DEFENSES

    • V. SENTENCING

      • A. Generally

      • B. Merger



    • VI. POSSESSION OF BURGLAR’S TOOLS



  • CAPITAL PUNISHMENT x

    • I. CONSTITUTIONALITY

      • A. Federal Standards

      • B. New Jersey Death Penalty Statute



    • II. GUILT PHASE

      • A. Charging a Capital Offense

      • B. Change of Venue Based on Pretrial Publicity .................................................................................

      • C. Mid-Trial Publicity

      • D. Jury Voir Dire

      • E. When Two Juries Are Needed

      • F. Jury Charges at Guilt Phase



    • III. PENALTY PHASE

      • A. General Principles

      • B. Aggravating Factors



          1. Prior Murder (N.J.S.A. 2C:11-3c(4)(a))





          1. Grave Risk of Death (N.J.S.A. 2C:11-3c(4)(b))





          1. Murder Outrageously, Wantonly Vile (N.J.S.A. 2C:11-3c(4)(c))





          1. Murder For Pecuniary Motives (N.J.S.A. 2C:11-3c(4)(d) and (e)).





          1. Escape Detection (N.J.S.A. 2C:11-3c(4)(f ))





          1. Murder in Course of Felony (N.J.S.A. 2C:11-3c(4)(g))





      • C. Mitigating Factors



          1. Extreme Mental or Emotional Disturbance (N.J.S.A. 2C:11-3c(5)(a))





          1. Age of Defendant at Time of Murder (N.J.S.A. 2C:11-3c(5)(c))





          1. No Significant History of Criminal Activity (N.J.S.A. 2C:11-3c(5)(f ))



          • Another Person for the Crime of Murder (N.J.S.A. 2C:11-3c(5)(g)) 4. Defendant Rendered Substantial Assistance to the State in Prosecuting

          • of the Offense (N.J.S.A. 2C:11-3c(5)(h) (catch-all)) 5. Any Other Factor Relevant to Defendant’s Character Record or Circumstances





          1. Miscellaneous







    • IV. JURY DELIBERATION ISSUES

    • V. MISCELLANEOUS

    • VI. APPELLATE REVIEW

    • VII. PROPORTIONALITY

      • A. Individual Proportionality Review

      • B. Systemic Proportionality



    • VIII. POST-CONVICTION RELIEF



  • CARJACKING..................................................................................................................................................

  • CAUSATION.................................................................................................................................................

    • I. HISTORY

    • II. DEFINITION

    • III. CULPABILITY xi

      • A. Purposeful or Knowing Conduct

      • B. Reckless or Criminally Negligent Conduct ....................................................................................



    • IV. TRANSFERRED INTENT

    • V. STRICT LIABILITY CRIMES

      • A. Felony Murder

      • B. Drug-Induced Death





  • COMPLICITY (See also, ACCOMPLICE LIABILITY, CONSPIRACY, this Digest)

  • CONSPIRACY (See also, ACCOMPLICE, COMPLICITY, EVIDENCE, this Digest)

    • I. DEFINITION

    • II. SCOPE OF THE CONSPIRACY

      • A. Generally

      • B. Unilateral Conspiracy

      • C. Chain Conspiracy

      • D. “Totality of Circumstances” Test....................................................................................................

      • E. “Wishful Thinking”



    • III. CONSPIRACIES WITH MULTIPLE OBJECTIVES

    • IV. OVERT ACTS

    • V. FORESEEABILITY

    • VI. RENUNCIATION OF PURPOSE ....................................................................................................

    • VII. TRIAL ISSUES

      • A. Joinder

      • B. Variance

      • C. Jury Instructions

      • D. Sufficiency of Evidence

      • E. Lesser Included Offenses

      • F. Juveniles

      • G. Coconspirator Exception To Hearsay Rule (See also, EVIDENCE, this Digest)



    • VIII. RACKETEERING

    • IX. SENTENCING

      • A. Grading

      • B. Merger

      • C. Consecutive Sentences





  • CONTEMPT................................................................................................................................................

    • I. INDICTABLE CONTEMPT

      • B. Current Examples of Indictable Contempt A. Rules Governing Indictable Contempt

      • C. Drug Offender Restraining Order Act of 1999 (N.J.S.A. 2C:35-5.4 to 5.8)



    • II. PUNITIVE CONTEMPT

      • A. Contempt in Facie Curiae



          1. Definition xii





          1. Rules Governing Contempt in Facie Curiae





          1. Procedure for Dealing With Contempt in Facie Curiae





          1. Rationale for Summary Proceedings





          1. Scope of Appellate Review





          1. Mens Rea





          1. Examples of Contempt in Facie Curiae





          1. Maximum Penalties





      • B. Contempt Outside the Presence of the Court



          1. Definition





          1. Rules Governing Contempt Outside the Presence of the Court





          1. Examples of Contempt Outside the Presence of the Court







    • III. COERCIVE CONTEMPT

      • A. Definition

      • B. Rules Governing Coercive Contempt

      • C. Procedures for Dealing with Coercive Contempt

      • D. Rationale for Coercive Power of Contempt

      • E. Examples of Coercive Power of Contempt

      • F. Maximum Penalties





  • CONTROLLED DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES (See also, SEARCH AND SEIZURE, this Digest)

    • I. OVERVIEW

      • A. Comprehensive Drug Reform Act

      • B. Anti-Drug Profiteering Act



    • II. CONSTITUTIONALITY

      • A. 2C:35-4

      • B. 35-5(b)

      • C. 2C:35-7

      • D. 2C:35-9........................................................................................................................................

      • E. 2C:35-10......................................................................................................................................

      • F. 2C:35-7, 12, 14 and

      • G. 2C:35-19



    • III. SUFFICIENCY OF EVIDENCE

      • A. Possession Generally

      • B. Constructive Possession/Circumstantial Evidence



    • IV. TRIAL-RELATED ISSUES

      • A. Elements/Basis for Prosecution



        1. School zone offense





        1. Imitation controlled dangerous substance





        1. Quantity........................................................................................................................................





        1. Manufacture..................................................................................................................................





        1. Distribution.................................................................................................................................. xiii





        1. Employing a Juvenile



      • B. Expert Testimony

      • C. Jury Instructions

      • D. Drug Kingpin

      • E. Defenses

      • F. Double Jeopardy



    • V. SENTENCING

      • A. In General



          1. Sentencing Alternatives/Options............................................................................................





          1. Pre-trial Intervention





          1. Suspension of Driving Privileges





          1. Intensive Supervision Program





          1. Mandatory Minimum Term





          1. Extended Terms





          1. Accomplice





      • B. Plea Agreements/Attorney General Guidelines/Cooperation Agreements

      • C. Merger

      • D. DEDR Penalty



    • VI. MISCELLANEOUS



  • CORPORATIONS......................................................................................................................................

    • I. CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF CORPORATIONS

    • II. CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF CORPORATE AGENTS AND EMPLOYEES

    • III. DEFENSES

    • IV. PROCEDURES

      • A. Investigations

      • B. Instituting Suit Against A Corporation



          1. Summons or Warrant





          1. Service





          1. Failure to Appear





      • C. Appearance

      • D. Residence.....................................................................................................................................

      • E. Rights............................................................................................................................................

      • F. Penalties





  • COSTS (See also, INDIGENTS, PUBLIC DEFENDER, this Digest)

    • I. AT THE TRIAL LEVEL

    • II. TAXED COSTS IN CRIMINAL APPEALS



  • COURTS.....................................................................................................................................................

    • I. PRETRIAL PROCEDURES

      • A. Probable Cause Hearing



    • B. Venue xiv

      • this Digest)................................................................................................................................. C. Trial Calendar (See also, JOINDER and SEVERANCE, and SIXTH AMENDMENT,



    • D. Appointment of Defense Experts for Indigent Defendants



  • II. MANAGEMENT OF THE TRIAL

    • AMENDMENT, this Digest).................................................................................................... A. Public Trial - Access of the Press (See also, FREEDOM OF PRESS and SIXTH

    • B. Control of Attorneys’ Misconduct at Trial (See also, CONTEMPT, this Digest)

    • C. Handling Disruptive Defendants

    • D. Conduct of Trial Judge



        1. Judge’s Authority to Examine Witnesses





        1. Ex Parte Communications Between Judge and Jurors or Witnesses





        1. Remarks and Conduct of Trial Judge





    • E. Mistrial (See also, DOUBLE JEOPARDY, this Digest)

      • this Digest)................................................................................................................................. F. Motions for Judgment of Acquittal (See also, APPEALS, DOUBLE JEOPARDY,



    • G. Instructions to the Jury (See also, PRESUMPTIONS, this Digest)



        1. Requests to Charge





        1. Content - In General





        1. Lesser-Included Offenses





        1. Intoxication (See also, DEFENSES, this Digest)





        1. Further Deliberations





        1. Curative Instruction





        1. Defendant’s Election Not to Testify





        1. Voluntariness of Defendant’s Confession





        1. Reasonable Doubt





        1. After Substitution of a Juror





    • H. Questions by the Jury



        1. As to Jury Instructions





        1. Reading Testimony to the Jury





    • I. Receiving the Jury’s Verdict



        1. Consistency





        1. Molding the Verdict (See also, THEFT, this Digest)







  • III. POST-TRIAL MOTIONS

    • After Discharge of Jury”) A. Motion for Judgment of Acquittal After Discharge of Jury (See R. 3:18-2, “Motion

    • B. Motion for New Trial



        1. Procedural Questions





        1. Based Upon Weight of the Evidence





        1. Based Upon Subsequent Recantation by Trial Witnesses





          1. Based Upon Newly Discovered Evidence xv





          1. Based Upon Alleged Violation of Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963)







    • IV. RESTRICTIONS PLACED UPON JUDGES

      • A. Disqualification

      • B. Discipline and Removal of Judges





  • CREDIT CARDS (See also, FORGERY, this Digest)

    • I. PROVISIONS OF THE STATUTE

    • II. OVERLAPPING STATUTES

    • III. UNAUTHORIZED USE OF A CREDIT CARD



  • CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT

    • I. KINDS OF PUNISHMENT IMPOSED

    • II. LIMITATIONS ON CONDUCT WHICH MAY BE CRIMINALIZED

    • III. DEATH PENALTY (See also, CAPITAL PUNISHMENT, this Digest)

    • IV. CONDITIONS OF CONFINEMENT

      • A. Generally

      • B. Medical Care

      • C. Legal Access

      • D. Religious Access





  • CULPABILITY

    • I. INTRODUCTION

    • II. MENS REA REQUIREMENTS UNDER THE CODE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE

      • REQUIREMENTS........................................................................................................................... III. CONSTRUCTION OF STATUTES WITH RESPECT TO CULPABILITY



    • IV. IGNORANCE AND MISTAKE (See also, DEFENSES, this Digest)

    • V. CULPABILITY AS DETERMINANT OF GRADE OF OFFENSE

    • SELF-DEFENSE, this Digest)................................................................................................................ DEFENSES (See also, ALIBI, INSANITY/DIMINISHED CAPACITY, INTOXICATION,

    • I. GENERALLY

    • II. PLEADINGS

    • III. MISTAKE OF FACT OR LAW

      • A. Generally

      • B. Ignorance or Mistake Negating An Element Of The Offense

        • Misstatement Of the Law C. Ignorance Due To Unavailable Law Or Misplaced Reasonable Reliance On



      • D. Procedural Issues and Burden of Proof



    • IV. DURESS

      • A. Generally

      • B. Procedural Issues and Burden of Proof



    • V. CONSENT

      • A. Generally

      • B. Procedural Issues and Burden of Proof xvi



    • VI. DE MINIMIS INFRACTIONS

      • A. Generally

      • B. Procedural Issues and Burden of Proof



    • VII. ENTRAPMENT

      • A. Statutory Entrapment

      • B. Due Process Entrapment

      • C. Generally

      • D. Procedural Issues and Burden of Proof



    • VIII. NECESSITY AND JUSTIFICATION

      • A. Generally

      • B. Procedural Issues and Burden of Proof





  • DISCOVERY (See also, SUBPOENAS, this Digest)

    • I. DISCOVERY BY DEFENDANT

      • A. Generally

      • B. Defendant’s Request for Specificity (See also, INDICTMENT, this Digest)

      • C. Confidential and Secret Materials



          1. Grand Jury Transcripts





          1. Scientific and Medical Reports





          1. Police Reports





          1. Juvenile Records and Probationary Status (See also, WITNESSES, this Digest)





          1. Identity of Informants (See also, EVIDENCE, this Digest)





          1. Surveillance Locations (See also, EVIDENCE, this Digest)





          1. Prosecutor’s Duty to Disclose (See also, PROSECUTORS, this Digest)



          • a. R. 3:13-3 Generally

          • b. Brady Violation (See also, PROSECUTORS, this Digest)

          • c. Non-Compliance with Discovery Rules

          • d. Destruction of Evidence

          • e. Protective Orders





          1. Post-Verdict Interrogation of Jury (See also, JURIES, this Digest)





          1. Racial Profiling





      • D. Subpoena Duces Tecum (See also, SUBPOENAS, this Digest)

      • E. Depositions



    • II. DISCOVERY BY THE STATE

      • A. Generally

      • B. Defendant’s Obligation to Provide Notice

      • C. Notice of Alibi

      • D. Scientific and Medical Reports

        • [instructions to the jury], DEFENSES and INSANITY, this Digest) E. Notice of Insanity or State of Mind Defenses (See also, COMPETENCY, COURTS,



          1. Generally xvii





          1. Bifurcation





      • F. Subpoena Duces Tecum (See also, GRAND JURY and SUBPOENAS, this Digest)



          1. Generally





          1. Resistance (See also SEARCH and SEIZURE, this Digest)





          1. Grand Jury Subpoenas (See also GRAND JURY, this Digest)







    • III. ADDITIONAL DISCOVERY IN CAPITAL CASES

      • A. Generally (See also CAPITAL PUNISHMENT, this Digest)

      • B. To Defendant

      • C. To the State

      • driving], this Digest) IV. DISCOVERY IN DRUNK DRIVING CASES (See also MOTOR VEHICLES [drunk





  • DISORDERLY PERSONS.........................................................................................................................

    • I. INTRODUCTION

    • II. JURISDICTION

    • III. GENERAL CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES

      • A. Right to Jury Trial

      • B. Right to Counsel (See R. 3:4-2(b); R. 7:3-2(b))

      • C. Search and Seizure; Arrest



          1. Strip Searches





          1. Body Cavity Searches







    • IV. SENTENCING

      • AND CASES V. SPECIFIC DISORDERLY AND PETTY DISORDERLY PERSONS STATUTES

      • A. Failure To Disperse (N.J.S.A. 2C:33-1b)

      • B. Disorderly Conduct (N.J.S.A. 2C:33-2)



          1. Improper behavior (fighting) (N.J.S.A. 2C:33-2a)





          1. Offensive language (N.J.S.A. 2C:33-2b)





      • (N.J.S.A. 2C:33-2.1)(See also, LOITERING, this Digest) C. Loitering for Purpose of Illegally Using, Possessing or Selling Controlled Substance

        • (N.J.S.A. 2C:33-3.1).................................................................................................................. D. Juvenile’s Right to Operate a Motor Vehicle; Suspension or Postponement



      • E. Harassment (N.J.S.A. 2C:33-4) (See also, HARASSMENT, this Digest)

      • F. Obstructing Highways and Other Public Passages (N.J.S.A. 2C:33-7)

      • G. Disrupting Meetings and Processions (N.J.S.A. 2C:33-8)

      • H. Desecration of Venerated Objects (N.J.S.A. 2C:33-9)

      • I. Maintaining a Nuisance (N.J.S.A. 2C:33-12)

      • J. Abating Nuisance (N.J.S.A. 2C:33-12.1)

      • K. Smoking in Public (N.J.S.A. 2C:33-13)

      • L. Sale of Cigarettes to Minors (N.J.S.A. 2C:33-13.1)

      • M. Interference with Transportation (N.J.S.A. 2C:33-14) xviii

        • Vehicle by Person under Legal Age (N.J.S.A. 2C:33-15). N. Possession or Consumption of Alcoholic Beverage in Public Place or Motor

        • Legal Age; Penalty (N.J.S.A. 2C:33-16). O. Alcoholic Beverages; Bringing or Possession on School Property by Person of

        • Exceptions (N.J.S.A. 2C:33-17) P. Offer or Service of Alcoholic Beverage to Underage Person; Disorderly Persons;

        • Disorderly Persons Offense (N.J.S.A. 2C:33-19) Used for School Purposes Without Express Written Permission of School Board;



      • R. Definitions (N.J.S.A. 2C:33-24)

        • Penalties (N.J.S.A. 2C:33-25) S. Exhibition of Warning Sign Required for Sale of Spray Paint; Violations,



      • T. Sale of Motor Vehicle on Sunday (N.J.S.A. 2C:33-26)

      • U. Consumption of Alcohol in Restaurants (N.J.S.A. 2C:33-27)



    • VI. ADDITIONAL DISORDERLY PERSONS OFFENSES



  • DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

    • I. LEGISLATIVE INTENT

      • A. Construction of the Act

      • B. Definition

      • C. Protected Persons



          1. Victim of Domestic Violence includes:





          1. Emancipated Minor





          1. Household Member





          1. Dating Relationship





          1. Child in Common





      • D. Sufficiency of the Act Allegedly Constituting Domestic Violence



          1. Trespass





          1. Harassment





          1. Terroristic Threats





          1. Burglary





      • E. Standard of Review



    • II. REMEDIES UNDER THE PREVENTION OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ACT

      • A. Filing of a Complaint by Victim of Domestic Violence



          1. Jurisdiction and Venue. N.J.S.A. 2C:25-28a





          1. Other Pleadings





      • B. Temporary Restraining Orders



          1. Effectiveness of a TRO





          1. Appeal of a TRO



          • a. Appeal of the issuance of a TRO



        • b. Effect of the Denial of a TRO xix





        1. Types of Emergency Relief





        1. Notice to and Service Upon the Defendant





    • C. Hearing on Domestic Violence Complaint. N.J.S.A. 2C:25-29



        1. Timing of the Hearing



        • Simultaneous or Subsequent Criminal Proceeding 2. Use of Testimony of Plaintiff and Defendant in Domestic Violence Matter in





        1. Burden of Proof





        1. Factors the court shall consider at the Hearing





        1. Types of Relief





    • D. Dissolution or Modification of Final Restraining Order



        1. Standard





        1. Dissolution Hearing





        1. Carfagno Factors:





        1. Fears of Future Violence





        1. Reconciliation





        1. Reinstatement of a Restraining Order





    • E. Contempt Proceedings upon a Violation of a domestic violence order



        1. Enhanced Penalty





        1. Conditions of a Parole after Release from Custody







  • III. ARREST, SEARCH AND SEIZURE

    • A. Arrests and Filing Criminal Complaints



        1. Mandatory Arrest





        1. Discretionary Arrest



        • a. Construction of term “exhibits”

        • b. Determination of which Party in a Domestic Violence Incident is the Victim

        • c. Actions in Self-defense by a Victim of Domestic Violence





        1. Probable Cause





    • B. Seizure of Weapons



        1. Searches pursuant to the Domestic Violence Act





        1. Seizure of a Weapon Pursuant to a Restraining Order or as a Condition of Bail





    • C. Return of Seized Weapons

    • D. Release from Custody before Trial, N.J.S.A. 2C:25-26



        1. Issuance of a Restraining Order





        1. Confidentiality of the Victim’s Location





        1. Bail







  • IV. OTHER RELATED ISSUES

    • A. Retroactivity

    • B. Confidentiality of Records Maintained Pursuant to the Domestic Violence Act

    • C. Expungement of Domestic Violence Records



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