xxxiv
D. Use of Immunized Testimony by the Grand Jury ...................................................................... 440
E. Compelled Business Records ....................................................................................................... 440
- Contents of Records ..................................................................................................................... 440
- Act of Producing Records ............................................................................................................ 441
F. Immunized Testimony Cannot Generally be Used For Impeachment ........................................ 442
II. AN ADEQUATELY IMMUNIZED WITNESS MUST TESTIFY (See also, CONTEMPT,
this Digest)........................................................................................................................................ 442
III. TESTIMONY MUST BE TRUTHFUL ......................................................................................... 443
IV. AUTHORITY TO GRANT IMMUNITY ...................................................................................... 443
A. Private Individuals ....................................................................................................................... 443
B. Public Employees ........................................................................................................................ 443
C. Defense Witnesses ....................................................................................................................... 444
V. THE EFFECT OF ONE SOVEREIGN’S GRANT OF IMMUNITY ON A
SUBSEQUENT CRIMINAL PROSECUTION BY ANOTHER SOVEREIGN .......................... 444
VI. THE TARGET DOCTRINE AND WARNINGS TO WITNESSES ............................................ 445
VII. GRANTS OF IMMUNITY BASED ON COMPELLED INCRIMINATING CONDUCT ..... 445
A. Statutes Requiring the Surrender of Contraband ........................................................................ 445 - N.J.S.A. 2C:35-10c ............................................................................................................... 445
- N.J.S.A. 2C:39-12 ................................................................................................................. 445
VIII. EFFECT ON CODEFENDANTS ............................................................................................... 445
IX. JUVENILES ..................................................................................................................................... 446
INCOMPETENCY TO STAND TRIAL (See also, INSANITY, WITNESSES, this Digest) ................... 446
I. MENTAL INCOMPETENCE EXCLUDING THE FITNESS TO PROCEED (N.J.S.A. 2C:4-4)
446
II. PSYCHIATRIC OR PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF THE
DEFENDANT WITH RESPECT TO THE FITNESS TO PROCEED (N.J.S.A. 2C:4-5) .......... 448
A. The Examination ......................................................................................................................... 448
B. The Report ................................................................................................................................... 448
III. DETERMINATION OF THE FITNESS TO PROCEED; EFFECT OF
FINDING UNFITNESS; PROCEEDINGS IF FITNESS IS REGAINED; AND
POST-COMMITMENT HEARINGS (N.J.S.A. 2C:4-6)............................................................... 449
A. Determination of Fitness to Proceed ........................................................................................... 449
B. Finding of Unfitness ..................................................................................................................... 449
C. Finding of Fitness ........................................................................................................................ 449
D. Failure to Regain Fitness ............................................................................................................. 449
E. Regaining of Fitness to Proceed ................................................................................................... 450
INDICTMENT (See also, GRAND JURY and JOINDER AND SEVERANCE, this Digest) ................. 451
I. SUFFICIENCY ................................................................................................................................... 451
II. AMENDMENT AND TECHNICAL ERROR ............................................................................... 452
A. Generally ...................................................................................................................................... 452