CHRONOLOGY985–1014 Rajaraja establishes the Chola empire, conquest of South India
and Sri Lanka
988–1038 Mahipala, resurgence of the Palas of Bihar and Bengal
1000–27 Mahmud of Ghazni raids North India in 17 ‘expeditions’
(destruction of Mathura, Kanauj and Somnath temple)
1014–47 Rajendra Chola, ‘The Great’
1023/3 Chola army advances to the Ganga and defeats the Somavamshis
of Orissa and the Palas of Bengal
1025 Conquest of Srivijaya (Sumatra and Malaya) by a maritime
expedition of the Cholas
1070–1120 Kulottunga I of Vengi ascends the Chola throne
1077–1147 Anantavarman Chodaganga of Kalinga conquers central Orissa
and establishes the Ganga empire
1077–1120 Ramapala, the last important Pala king, reconquers parts of
Bengal
1137 Death of the Vaishnava reformer Ramanuja
1179–1205 Lakshmana Sena, last Hindu king of Bengal
1192 Battle of Tarain, Mahmud of Ghur defeats a Rajput
confederation under Prithiviraja; in the following years conquest
of North and East India by Muslim armies
1206 Aibak establishes the sultanate of Delhi
1210–36 Iltutmish, sultan of Delhi
1246–79 Rajendra III, last Chola king
c. 1250 Sun Temple of Konarak
1253–75 Under Jatavarman Vira Pandya, temporary resurgences of the
Pandyas of Madurai
1266–87 Balban, sultan of Delhi
1290–1320 Khalji dynasty of Delhi
1293 Marco Polo in South India
1297–1306 Delhi sultanate repulses several attacks of the Mongols
1296–1316 Ala-ud-din, sultan of Delhi, radical administrative reform
measures
1309–11 Conquest of South India by the sultanate of Delhi
1320–88 Tughluq dynasty of Delhi
1325–51 Mu hammad Tughluq
1327 Daulatabad in Central India temporarily the new capital of the
sultanate; beginning of the disintegration
1334–70 Sultanate of Madurai
1338 Separate sultanate of Bengal
1346 Foundation of the empire of Vijayanagara
1347 Bahman Shah establishes the Bahmani sultanate in Central India
1351–88 Firoz Shah, the last important sultan of Delhi
1361 Firoz Shah raids Orissa
1370 Vijayanagara conquers the sultanate of Madurai
1398 Timur devastates Delhi
1403 Separate sultanate of Gujarat
1406–22 Conquests of the east coast by King Devaraja II of Vijayanagara
1414–51 Sayyids of Delhi
1435–67 Kapilendra establishes the Suryavamsha dynasty of Orissa
1451–1526 Lodi dynasty; renewal of the Delhi sultanate
1463 Kapilendra conquers the east coast up to the Kaveri
1481 Murder of Prime Minister Mahmud Gawan and beginning of
the disintegration of the Bahmani sultanate