INDEXMaurya, Chandragupta 8, 57–60, 62, 69, 79
Maurya empire 7, 13, 62, 66
Arthashastra, political system of 60–2
end of 67–9, 80–1
foundation of 58–60
South India and 95–6
see also Ashoka
Mauryas (dynasty) 13, 68, 95
Meerut 244; Mutiny at see ‘Mutiny’
Megasthenes 59–60, 62, 65, 86, 93
Meghaduta (poem) 87
Meghavanna (king of Sri Lanka) 83
Mehrgarh (prehistoric site) 2, 19–22, 25–6,
31
Mehta, Pherozeshah 260, 263
Menander (king of Indo-Greeks) 70–1, 76,
80
Menon, Krishna 320
metal trade 40, 102; under Mughals 190,
197, 207, 209, 223
Mewar, rana of 140, 185
middle class 248, 315
Mihirakula (Hun leader) 90–1
Milinda see Menander
Milindapanho (text) 71
military feudalism 12, 152–83
military fiefs
in late middle ages 169, 175, 180–3
see also armies; war; weapons
military urbanism 12
millets 3, 93
Minakshi (goddess) 136
Minto, Lord (viceroy) 153–4
Mir Jaffar (military commander) 213–15
Mir Kasim (nawab of Bengal) 215
missionary activity, Ashoka’s 62–4
Mitanni (people) 32
Mithras (god) 77, 80
Mithridates II (king) 72
Mitra (god) 32
‘mixed economy’ under republic 297–9
Mohenjo Daro (prehistoric site and period)
2, 3, 16–19, 21–7
monasteries
in ancient empires 51, 68, 88, 91, 94, 97, 99
in early middle ages 113–17, 147, 150
in late middle ages 176–7
moneylenders 241, 247, 249
Mongols (people) 152, 158–60, 162, 164, 186
monism 131, 138–40, 261
monopoly, trade see Company Bahadur;
East India Companies; pepper
monsoon 2, 9–10, 12, 58, 75, 100, 154, 201,
204, 248, 298
Montagu, Edwin 255, 266–7
Montagu-Chelmsford reform 254–5, 264,
268
Moon, royal lineage from 110
Moopanar 318
Morley, John 253–5
Morley-Minto reform 253–4
Morocco 201
Mountbatten, Lord 290–2, 299
Muazzam (Mughal prince) 196
Mudrarakshasa (play) 58
Mueller, Max 239
Mughal empire 7, 13, 59, 67, 165, 184–223,
244, 333
Great Mughals and adversaries 184–97;
Akbar’s expansion and reform 187–92;
Aurangzeb and Shivaji 192–7; Baber’s
success 186–7
Indian landpower and European
seapower 13, 197–209; Dutch and
British, rise of 201–3; France 205–6;
decline of Mughals 206–9; international
maritime trade 203–5
struggle for supremacy 210–23; Clive and
Diwani of Bengal 213–14; European
military intervention 210–13; Hastings
as architect of British empire 217–23;
Seven Years’ War and battle of Panipat
214–17
see also Islam
Muhammad (son of Balban) 159
Muhammad Ali (merchant) 207–8
Muhammad of Ghur (Muslim conqueror)
156–8, 169
Muhammad Shah (Bahmani sultan) 170,
178–9
Muhammad Tughluq (sultan of Delhi)
165–6, 168–70
Mukherjee, Shyamaprasad 300
Mulavarman (king of Indonesia) 145
Multan 109, 153–6, 167
Mumbai see Bombay
Mumtaz (wife of Shah Jahan) 191
Mundigak (prehistoric site) 18
Munro, Hector 216, 219
Murshid Quli Khan (Mughal governor) 207
Murshidabad 207, 214, 218, 228
Murugan (god) 135
Murundas (people) 83
music 68, 95, 195
Muslim League
and freedom movement 254–5, 264, 269
and partition 282–6, 289, 294
see also Islam
‘Mutiny’ (1857) 236–9, 250
Muziris 100, 102
Mysore 9, 13, 66, 216, 221; freedom
movement and 262, 276
mysticism see BhaktiNadir Shah (ruler of Persia) 197, 207
Nadiya 112