3.8 Unsaponifiable Constituents 239Violaxanthin is present in orange juice (cf. Ta-
ble 3.57) and it also occurs in green leaves.
Mutatoxanthin (5,8-epoxy-5,8-dihydro-β,β-carotene-3, 3 ′-diol) (XVI) (3.133)
This epoxy carotenoid is present in oranges
(cf. Table 3.57).
Luteoxanthin (XIV) (3.134)
Luteoxanthin is the major carotenoid of oranges
(cf. Table 3.57).
Auroxanthin (XV) (3.135)
This carotenoid is a constituent of oranges (cf. Ta-
ble 3.57).
Neoxanthin (XX) (3.136)
Dicarboxylic Acids and Esters
Crocetin (XVII) (3.137)
This carboxylic acid carotenoid is the yellow
pigment of saffron. It occurs in plants as a di-
ester, i. e. glycoside with the disaccharide gen-
tiobiose. The diester, called crocin, is therefore
water-soluble.