480 9 Food Contamination
Table 9.5.Selected PPA
No. Name Applicationa Biochemical activity LD 50 (mg/kg)b
I Amidosulfuron H Inhibits synthesis of branched
AA by inhibition
≥5000 (R, M)
of acetolactate synthase
II Amitraz I, A Nerve poison 650 (R)
III Atrazine H Inhibits electron transport in
photosystem II
1869–3090 (R)
IV Azoxystrobin F Inhibits the respiratory chain >5000 (R, M)
V Captan F Inhibits respiration 9000 (R)
VI Carbenedazine F Inhibitsβ-tubulin biosynthesis 6400 (R),
2500 (H)
VII Carbofuran I, N Choline esterase inhibitor 8 (R), 15 (H)
VIII Chloromequat Pgr Inhibitsgibberellinbiosynthesis 807–966 (R)
IXa Chlorpyriphos I Choline esterase inhibitor 135–163 (R),
1000–2000 (K)
IXb Chlorpyriphos methyl I, A Choline esterase inhibitor >3000 (R),
1100–2250 (M)
X Cyanide I, R Prevents O 2 transport by
hemoglobin into the cell
6–15 (R)
XI Cyprodinil F Probably inhibitor of methionine
synthesis
>2000 (R)
XII DDT See text Nerve poison 113–118 (R),
500–570 (H)
XIII Deltamethrin I Nerve poison: inhibits the
function of Na+ion
>2000 (R),
>300 (H)
channels
XIV 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic H Inhibits growth 639–764 (R)
acid (2,4-D)
XV Endosulfan I, A Antagonist for the GABA
receptorc
70–240 (R)
XVI Epoxiconazole F Inhibits sterol biosynthesis >5000 (R)
XVII Ethephon Pgr Decomposes to ethylene 3030 (R)
XVIII Fenhexamide F Inhibits sterol biosynthesis >5000 (R)
XIX Ferbam F >4000 (R)
XX Fludioxonil F Inhibits MAP kinased >5000 (R)
XXI Flurtamone H Blocks carotene biosynthesis 500 (R)
XXII Folpet F Inhibits respiration >9000 (R)
XXIII Glyphosates H Inhibits biosynthesis of aromatic
compounds
5600 (R),
3530 (goat)
XXIV Imazalil F Inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis 227–343 (R),
640 (H)
XXV Indoxacarb I Blocks Na channels in nerve
cells
1732 (male R),
268 (female R)
XXVI Iprodion F Inhibits germination of spores
and growth of mycelium
>2000 (R, M)
XXVII Iprovalicarb F Inhibits growth of Oomycetes
fungi