LONGMAN ENGLISH GRAMMAR PRACTICE

8.1 Prepositions, adverb particles and conjunctions

8.7

8.7A

Study:

153

Phrasal verbs: Type 2, verb + particle (transitive)

Type 1 and Type 2 phrasal verbs compared [> LEG 8.28, Apps 32,33]

1 We use prepositions after Type 1 verbs. We cannot separate the preposition from the verb:

I'm looking at the camera. (Not *I'm looking the camera at. *)

2 We can separate the adverb particle from a Type 2 verb and put it immediately after the noun

object: She gave away her books. She gave her books away.

3 If the object is a pronoun, we cannot put the particle in front of it:

Give it away. (Not *Give away it. *) Give them away. (Not *Give away them. *)

4 Special note: In She gave away her books, away is an adverb particle [> 8.1 B], not a preposition,

even if it has an object after it. Unlike a preposition, a particle is 'mobile' and can be used before

or after a noun object. [> LEG 8.28.2]

Write:

8.7B

Study:

53

Write:

Use arrows to show which adverb particles you can move in these sentences.

1 I'm looking for my glasses. 6 Yes, I've given them out.

2 I read about it in the papers. 7 Write the information down here please.

3 Did you turn'the gas^? 8 A crowd emerged from the cinema.

4 Yes, I've just turned it off. 9 Don't associate with him.

5 Have you given the papers out? 10 We've dealt with the problem.

Type 2: Particles that extend the verb: 'write down' [> LEG 8.28.3-4, App 32]

A single particle can strengthen or extend the meaning of a verb:

a The scarecrow frightened the birds away. (away refers to 'distance')

b I was holding my hat and the wind snatched it away. (away refers to 'detachment')

с I got a cloth and wiped away the coffee I had spilled. (away refers to 'disappearance')

d Please put these dishes away. (away refers to 'tidying')

The verb often has its non-idiomatic meaning, but the particle 'extends' this meaning: e.g. pull

out, push away, wash away, move back, burn down, bring in, cut off.

Match these meanings to the adverb particles in the sentences below.

a 'put on paper' f 'movement out' к 'removal' P 'distribution'

b 'exclusion' g 'permanence' I 'reduction' q 'inwards' ('destroy')

с 'addition' h 'movement in' m 'to the ground' r 'up from the surface'

d 'out of bed' i 'enclose' n 'extension' s 'confine'

e 'completely' j 'clearly'^0 'into pieces' t 'upwards direction'

out 1 drive the car out .f. up 11 pull that lineup..

2 leave that word out.

3 take that stain out...

4 put out your hand ...

5 copy this out

6 give these out

in 7 let him in

8 lock him in

9 write this in

10 beat the door in

down

12 pick that up

13 fill this car up

14 chop that wood up

15 let the patient up

16 wrap this box up

17 cut the tree down

18 turn the heat down ....

19 close the shop down.

20 write this down