Key 11.11A-11.13E16.6C 'We appreciate your helping us'
1f 2b 3d 4e 5a 6c16.6D 1 can't imagine my mother('s) approving'
Possible answers
1 I can't excuse her not answering our invitation.
2 You must pardon my/me not getting up.
3 Would you mind Jane/Jane's practising in the
room next to yours?
4 I can't bear him/his whistling when I'm trying to
concentrate.
5 They can't prevent us/our escaping.
6 Please forgive Jim/Jim's arriving so late.
7 I really miss you/your bringing me breakfast in
bed.8 Fancy you/your meeting Miss Smithers!16.6E1 flying Context 2 letting 3 you flying 4 travelling5 learning 6 flying 7 doing 8 me (or my) asking
9 your far you) flying? 10 anyone (or anyone's)
disapproving
16.7 Adjectives, nouns and prepositions
+ '-ing'16.7A Adjectives + '-ing' form (gerund) or fo-
infinitive
We can use -ing or the to-infinitive in all these
sentences:
1 finding/to find 2 telling/to tell 3 being told/
to be told 4 finding/to find 5 helping/to help
6 driving/to drive 7 finding/to find 8 arranging/
to arrange
16.7B Adjective + '-ing' form (participle)
1 John gets bored watching TV all the time.
2 Sylvia is frantic getting ready for the wedding.
3 I got tired waiting so long for an answer.
4 Jane's occupied making lists.
5 We're busy decorating our house.16.7C Common expressions followed by '-ing'
1 It's no good complaining 2 It's just not
worth worrying 3 There's nö point in trying
4 What's the use of apologizing? 5 There's nothing
worse than owing16.7D Preposition + '-ing'D2 Adjective + preposition + '-ing'
1 acting 2 playing 3 complaining 4 sailing
5 riding 6 disturbing 7 sewing 8 missing
9 finding 10 understandingD3 Verb + preposition + '-ing'
1 doing 2 working 3 stealing 4 disturbing
5 passing 6 trying 7 entering 8 entering
9 helping 10 interrupting 11 losing 12 stealing
13 succeeding 14 seeing 15 getting 16 asking16.7E The '-ing' form after 'to' as a preposition
1 I'm used to doing all my own shopping.
2 I'm accustomed to living on my own.
3 I object to being kept waiting.
4 I look forward to seeing you soon.
5 He's resorted to writing begging letters.
6 I'm resigned to being criticized.16.7F Context
1 to appreciate/appreciating 2 playing
3 playing 4 playing 5 whispering 6 finding
7 sitting 8 sitting 9 rattling16.8 The fo-infinitive or the '-ing' form?16.8A Verb + fo-infinitive or '-ing': no change in
meaning: 'begin to read/reading'
1 to work/working 2 to think 3 to talk/talking
4 to eat/eating 5 to go/going 6 to see/seeing
7 to play/playing 8 to tell/telling 9 to understand16.8B Verb + to-or '-ing': some changes in
meaning: 'I love to read/reading'
1 watching/to watch (same meaning)
2 waiting (in general) is preferable 3 to tell
4 waiting 5 eating ... eating 6 to have 7 to come16.8C Verb + to-or '-ing': different meanings:
'remember to post/posting'
1a visiting 1b to lock 1c to phone 2a being
2b to find out 2c to go 3a to stop 3b drinking
4a to look 4b talking 5a dancing 5b to take
6a to tell 6b staying16.8D Context
1 delivering 2 pushing 3 to push 4 pushing
5 having 6 opening 7 usingD1 preposition + '-ing'
1 paying 2 shouting 3 pulling 4 trying