LONGMAN ENGLISH GRAMMAR PRACTICE

4 Pronouns

4.3 'It' and 'one/some/any/none'

4.3A 'It' as in 'It's hot' and 'It's nice to see you' [> LEG 4.12-13]

Study:

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Write:

'empty subject': 'It's hot' [> 1.2A, 4 .1 A]

It carries no information in sentences like It's hot, It's 8 o'clock, etc. so we call it an 'empty

subject'. We use it because a sentence must have a subject. (Not "Is hot")

'preparatory subject': 'It's nice to see you' [> 1.5B, 16.4A, 16.7A]

We sometimes begin a sentence with it and continue with to-, -ing or that.

The true subject is to-, -ing, or that, but we generally prefer to begin with it

To lie in the sun/Lying in the sun is pleasant. -» It's pleasant to lie/lying in the sun.

......That —~ he's arriving - today is certain. — • -» It's certain (that) he's arriving • today. • • ——

Here are some notes. Write them as sentences beginning with It.

1 Monday, 13th June today Ш..МоугЖЩи ¡3th. J.m^u.,..

2 Snowing now. Snows a lot here

3 22° Celsius in London yesterday

4 100 kilometres from here to Paris

5 Important to get to the meeting

6 Difficult making such decisions

7 A pleasure to welcome you all here

8 A pity that they couldn't come

4.3B 'It' and 'one' as subjects and objects: 'I like it' [> LEG 4.16]

Study: We use it and they if we are referring to 'something particular':

Has the letter arrived this morning?- Yes, it has just arrived.

Have the letters arrived this morning? - Yes, they have just arrived.

We use one, some and none when we mean 'in general':

Has a letter arrived? - Yes, one has just arrived.

Have any letters arrived? - Yes, some have arrived. No, none have/has arrived. [> 5.7C]

We must use an object after verbs like enjoy and like [> 1,2B]:

particular: Do you like this cake? - Yes, I like it. (Not "I like/I don't like")

general: Would you like some cake? - Yes, I'd like some./No, I don't want any.

(Not "I'd like/I wouldn't like")

Write: Supply it, them, one, some, any or none in the following.

1 Were any cars parked outside our house today? - Yes ОШ^ was parked there all morning.

2 Was that car parked outside our house today? - Yes, was parked there all morning.

3 Did any letters come for me this morning? - No, came for you.

4 Have the spare parts arrived yet? - Yes, of them have just arrived.

5 Do you like this dish? - Yes, I like very much.

6 Did you enjoy the strawberries? - Yes, I enjoyed very much.

7 Would you like some strawberries? - No, I don't want thank you.

8 Would you like any cherries? - Yes, I'd like please.

9 Have you got the maps with you? - No, I haven't got

10 Have you got a spare light bulb? - No, I haven't got