Pharmacology for Anaesthesia and Intensive Care

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CUFX213A/Peck

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December 28, 2007

11:41

Table 10.2.Some pharmacological properties of various local anaesthetics.

Relative

potency Onset

Duration of

action

Toxic plasma

concentration

(μg.ml−^1 )pKa

Percentage

unionized (at

pH 7.4)

Plasma

protein

bound (%)

Relative lipid

solubility

Elimination

half-life (min)

Amethocaine 8 slow long 8.5 7 75 200 80

Cocaine moderate short 0.5 8.6 5 95 100

Lidocaine 2 fast moderate >5 7.9 25 70 150 100

Prilocaine 2 fast moderate >5 7.7 33 55 50 100

Bupivacaine 8 moderate long >1.5 8.1 15 95 1000 160

Ropivacaine 8 moderate long >4 8.1 15 94 300 120

Mepivacaine 2 slow moderate >5 7.6 40 77 50 115

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