Pharmacology for Anaesthesia and Intensive Care

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9780521704632ind CUFX213A/Peck 9780521618168 December 29, 2007 17:19

366 Index

disopyramide, 242 –243

kinetics, 243

mechanism of action, 242

presentation, 242

side-effects, 242 –243

uses, 242

distribution of drugs, 14 –17

birth, 16 –17

extensive, 14 –15

fetal, 15 –17

limited, 14

local anaesthetics, 167 –168

neonates, 22 –23

pharmacokinetic interactions, 41

during pregnancy, 16

diuretics, 42 , 305–310

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, 310

groups, 305

loop, 307 –308

osmotic, 309 –310

potassium-sparing, 306 –308

sites of action,306f

thiazides, 98 , 305–307

dobutamine, 45 , 208–209

domperidone, 286 , 296

DOP (δreceptors), 137

dopamine, 204 –205

effects, 204 –205

kinetics, 205

metabolism, 18

dopamine antagonists, 283 , 285t,

287

dopaminergic receptors, 282 , 295

dopexamine, 209

dose

interval, 75 –76

loading, 75 –76

repeated, 75 –76

dose-ratio, 35

dose–response curves,34f

dothiepin, 274 –276

double burst stimulation, 179

droperidol, 285 –286

drug(s)

design, 85

molecules, 92 –98

passage across cell membrane,1–7

structures, 87 –91

drug action mechanisms, 24 –31

dependent on chemical properties, 24

enzymes, 24

receptors, 25 –31

voltage-gated ion channels, 24 –25

drug interactions, 40 –44

pharmaceutical, 40

pharmacodynamic, 42 –44

pharmacokinetic, 40 –42

bioavailability,9–10

non-linear kinetics, 78 –79

potentiation, 43

summation, 42

synergism, 43

drug receptors

binding dynamics, 31 –32

interaction types, 32 –38

ecothiopate iodide, 195 –196

edrophonium, 193 , 193f

elderly people

co-existing diseases, 23

drugs influences, 23

elimination

constant relationships,66f, 75

rate, 76

EMLA, topical, 12 –13, 170t

cautions,170t

enalapril, 260

kinetics, 261

enantiomers, 48

racemic mixtures, 48

single, 48

enantiopure preparations, 48 –49

etomidate, 101 –102

enflurane, 45 , 114, 126t

enol group, 94

enoxaparin, 341 –342

enoximone, 42 , 214–215

effects, 215

kinetics, 215

mechanism of action, 215

presentation, 214 –215

uses, 214 –215

enterohepatic circulation, 21

entonox, 121

see alsonitrous oxide

enzymes

action mechanisms, 24

hepatic microsomal,20t

induction, 19 , 41–42

inhibition, 19 , 24

neonates, 23

ephedrine, 211 –212

effects, 211

kinetics, 212

mechanism of action, 211

presentation, 211

uses, 211

epidural analgesia, bupivacaine, 16

epidural route, 13 –14

epilepsy, medication during pregnancy, 16