NOTES, BOOK i'. 3. 191
rioned in Herodotus (vi. 76-83), Pausanias (iii. 4), and in Plutarch
pe Ilulierum Virtutibus, iv. 245 D). In the narrative of the latter
plays on the number seven occur, which probably origin-
ated in the word i,8Sdpq. The number of the dead slain by Cleo-
menes is said to have been 7777 : the battle is said to have been
fought on the seventh day of the month (iS8dpg iurapivou p&, Ib.);
or during a truce of seven days which Cleomenes violated by
aitacking the Argives during the night, he arguing that the seven
days did not include the nights, or, perhaps with better reason, that
Ifengeance on an enemy was deemed preferable to justice both by
Gods and men (Apophth. Lacon. 223 B). The word may have
ken the name of the wood mentioned in the accounts of Herodotus
and Pausanias (loc. cit.) or of some other place* called after the
number seven ; but more likely of a festival held on the seventh day,
which gave its name to the battle.
&o~op&ov kb ficop/mus K.T.X. the
Argives, after their army had been cut to pieces.'Read in the English text :
Kai (v 'A6jvats dTUXOdVrOV 7rfLfj 0; yUhptpOt €%XdrTOVS ~Y&YOMO %lh Tb {K 8. i.
KaraXo'you nparc6dat 6d r6v hKoVtrtdU S~XS~OV.
The ~arciX~p d?r;\rr& mentioned in Thuc. vi. 43, rtai ro6rou
'h8qvalov piv a&r& Guav TCYT~K~ULO~ p2v aai xlhor E'K ~a~ahdyov, and
elsewhere, Xen. Rlem. iii. 4. I, in which the ejrrs, or lowest of
the four classes, were not included.
Every one was obliged to take his turn in the
order of the roll, and no substitutes were allowed, because the
number of soldiers willing to offer themselves was not sufficient.
As in the Syracusan expedition, to
wllich the word &UXO~V~OV chiefly refers. Cp. Thuc. vii. 27.i~ waddyou.
hi, T~V izaKWVtKbV ~&pv.
~~whv ydp r;v dT6pOV yrvopf'vov.
hh.t of the extant MSS. are in favour of ckdpov.3.8.
But drdpov,
which is the reading of the old translator, is not wholly inde-
fensible. The meaning may be that power falls into the hands of
the few, either when the poor become more numerous, or when
Properties increase ; the extremes of want and of wealth coexisting
in the same state. The tu.0 cases are really opposite aspects Of
the Same phenomenon, 6 when the citizens become more and more