NOTES, BOOK 11. 9. 79
Some condemning it; there is less dispute about the slavery
which exists among the Heracleots, who have subjugated the
BIariandynians, and about the Thessalian Penestae.' Yet in this
pssage of Aristotle the Penestae are spoken of as constantly
revolting from their masters.
?ifpi 6; To69 Kpjrar 066iv ma roioiirov uvpf@~Kfv' a'lriov 6' hoe rA 0. 3.
rhr yfLrvriras sdhcis, rtaiay aohcpobas cikkjhais, pq6cpiav cfvar uhppa-
xov TO;p d+iurap&ois Bib rb pi uvpg)iprw Kai airat wcxr7p'hais acproirovs'
TO;E 6; .\&oUlv oi ycrrvrivrcs +3pol ardvrce &av, 'Apycioi xa; Mcuujutor
xai 'A~K~~ES.
The argument is that in Crete, where all the states had their
Perioeci or subject class, no attempt was ever made to raise a servile
ilisurrection when they went to war, because such a measure would
have been contrary to the interests of both parties. The Cretans
were the inhabitants of an island and there were no out-siders to
encourage revolt among the slaves (cp. c. 10.5 15, CiXXir KaeLmp cZp7rai
u&(crai 6ih ri)~ rdaov). Probably also a sort of international custom
prevailed among them, arising from their common necessity, of not
raising the slaves in their wars with one another. The Argives and
the other Peloponnesian states, when at war, were always receiving
the insurgent Helots. But the llrgive subject population, like the
Cretan, were not equally ready to rise, and indeed were at times
admitted to the governing body (cp. v. 3. 8 7, wai iv '~pp riv iv rjj
(36dpg dnokopivov &ab KkcopLduovs roii A~K~VOS jraywdu8rp~av ?rapa%i&uBac
.iiw TfpiO~KWV r&). We may also remark that in c. 5. 5 19 supra,
Aristotle incidentally observes that the Cretan slaves were com-
watively well treated, although forbidden gymnastics and the
use of arms,
The word ' perioeci ' appears to have been used in Crete to
denote generally an inferior class, who were not, as at Sparta,
distinguished from Helots or slaves. This is confirmed by c. 10.
01 ~ior~oi. But compare also Sosicrates [B.c. 200-1 281 preserved
in -4thenaeus (vi. c. 84. fin., p. 263), rji p2v KOlV~V BovXciav oi Kpjrcruse of the term pvoia in Sosicrates is confirmed by the celebrated$ 5, yfopyohi rc yhp roio piv (SC. Aarr~arpu~orr) E%orrr, rot &! Kpijuivdok pvoicw, rjv 61 16iav d+apiLrac, roip 61 acproiwovc ~K~OVS. The